Metagenomics is a novel genomic tool employed to accurately study the composition of microbial communities in their ecological environments, including mass transport systems. Despite the potential significance of these sites as sources of exposure, the pathogenic microbiomes in these constructed settings remain unexplored. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was utilized to identify the microbiota obtained from the Metropolitan Transport of Shanghai (MTS) during the spring and summer. A diverse range of microbiota, especially pathogens, and models for mapping diversity and environmental variables were analyzed using the metagenomic techniques. The results indicate that bacteria accounted for 95.26% of the categorized genes in the 108 aerosol samples analyzed during the spring and summer, with the remaining 4.73% attributed to eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea. We successfully identified 86 microorganisms that align with the National Microbiology Data Center's List of Pathogenic Microorganisms, uncovering unique characteristics of various species with potential health implications throughout across seasons. Additionally, the distribution and diversity of the microbiota were significantly influenced by temperature, humidity, season, and time of day. The study's findings establish a framework for investigating and evaluating potential public health risks, offering early warning of biosecurity concerns related to these built environments. They also provide a comprehensive and unbiased perspective on the characteristics of microbial communities and potential pathogens in urban metros. Environmental and public health experts will find this investigation into the pathogenic microbiomes found in aerosol samples compelling.

宏基因组学是一种新型基因组工具，用于准确研究生态环境（包括大众运输系统）中微生物群落的组成。尽管这些地点作为暴露源具有潜在的重要性，但这些构建环境中的致病微生物组仍未被探索。在这项研究中，利用高通量测序来鉴定春季和夏季从上海都市交通（MTS）获得的微生物群。使用宏基因组技术分析了各种微生物群，特别是病原体，以及用于绘制多样性和环境变量的模型。结果表明，在春夏季分析的108个气溶胶样本中，细菌占分类基因的95.26%，其余4.73%归因于真核生物、病毒和古细菌。我们成功鉴定了 86 种符合国家微生物学数据中心病原微生物名录的微生物，揭示了各个物种的独特特征，这些特征对整个季节的健康都有潜在影响。此外，微生物群的分布和多样性受到温度、湿度、季节和一天中时间的显着影响。该研究的结果建立了一个调查和评估潜在公共卫生风险的框架，为与这些建筑环境相关的生物安全问题提供早期预警。他们还提供了关于城市地铁微生物群落和潜在病原体特征的全面且公正的视角。环境和公共卫生专家会发现这项对气溶胶样本中致病微生物组的调查引人注目。