Abstract

Centella asiatica (CA) is one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines worldwide. It has been used for centuries in many countries, especially for curing skin damage, and is now applied to treat various human diseases. There are various types of triterpenoids from Centella asiatica, with four pentacyclic triterpenoids with the main properties being shown by four pentacyclic triterpenoids: asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. These terpenoids have similar structures, however each has a slightly different properties. Asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid are synthesized through the isoprenoid pathway known as mevalonate pathway to produce hydrophobic triterpenoid structures (aglycone) which contain hydrophilic sugar chains (glycone). Furthermore, asiaticoside and madecassoside are distinguished by a glycone, and asiatic acid and madecassic acid are distinguished by a aglycone. These pentacyclic triterpenoids have a wide spectrum of beneficial effects and have been used as anti-inflammatories, skin wound treatments, scar treatments, and cosmetics agents. This review aimed to provide a description of the four compounds, of their structure, pharmacological properties, applications in the treatment of various diseases, known mechanisms of action, and commentary on industrial applications.

中文翻译：

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积雪草五环三萜类化合物的药理作用

摘要

积雪草（CA）是全世界最受欢迎的传统草药之一。它在许多国家已经使用了几个世纪，特别是用于治疗皮肤损伤，现在用于治疗各种人类疾病。积雪草中的三萜类化合物种类较多，有四种五环三萜类化合物，其主要性质由积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸四种五环三萜化合物所表现。这些萜类化合物具有相似的结构，但各自的特性略有不同。积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草酸和羟基积雪草酸通过称为甲羟戊酸途径的类异戊二烯途径合成，产生含有亲水性糖链（糖基）的疏水性三萜结构（糖苷配基）。此外，积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷通过糖基来区分，积雪草酸和羟基积雪草酸通过苷元来区分。这些五环三萜类化合物具有广泛的有益作用，已被用作抗炎药、皮肤伤口治疗剂、疤痕治疗剂和美容剂。本综述旨在描述这四种化合物的结构、药理学特性、在治疗各种疾病中的应用、已知的作用机制以及工业应用的评论。