Large conferences lack diversity, as it has been demonstrated by analyses of several diversity measures. In the present contribution, we analyze the gender, country of affiliation and student status of the participants and presenters during four instances of a small European geoscience conference, as well as the length of presentation, number and tone of questions of the latest instance of this conference. Women make up about one-third of participants, session chairs, invited keynote speakers, and presenters (oral and poster) on average but percentages vary greatly from one year to the next. Students represent around 30% of participants, but over 40% of poster presenters and 28% of long presentations. In total, only half of the participants asked a question and most of the questions were asked by senior men. Around 25% of the questions were asked with a friendly tone; the remainder were neutrally asked. Friendly questions were asked more frequently after keynote lectures and long presentations than following short talks. We suggest concrete actions that can be taken to promote the development of an inclusive and supportive environment at small conferences.

中文翻译：

---

小型地球科学会议的多样性

大型会议缺乏多样性，对多项多样性措施的分析已经证明了这一点。在本论文中，我们分析了四次小型欧洲地球科学会议中参与者和演讲者的性别、所属国家和学生身份，以及最新一次会议的演讲长度、问题数量和语气。会议。女性平均占与会者、会议主席、受邀主旨演讲者和演示者（口头和海报）的三分之一，但每年的比例差异很大。学生占参与者的 30% 左右，但海报展示者的比例超过 40%，长演示的比例则超过 28%。总共只有一半的参与者提出了问题，大部分问题都是由资深人士提出的。大约 25% 的问题是以友好的语气提出的；其余的人则中立地询问。与简短演讲相比，在主题演讲和长篇演讲之后提出友好问题的频率更高。我们建议采取具体行动，促进小型会议营造包容性和支持性的环境。