Phenology is a key adaptive trait of organisms, shaping biotic interactions in response to the environment. It has emerged as a critical topic with implications for societal and economic concerns due to the effects of climate change on species' phenological patterns. Fungi play essential roles in ecosystems, and plant pathogenic fungi have significant impacts on global food security. However, the phenology of plant pathogenic fungi, which form a huge and diverse clade of organisms, has received limited attention in the literature. This diversity may have limited the use of a common language for comparisons and the integration of phenological data for these taxonomic groups. Here, we delve into the concept of ‘phenology’ as applied to plant pathogenic fungi and explore the potential drivers of their phenology, including environmental factors and the host plant. We present the PhenoFun scale, a phenological scoring system suitable for use with all fungi and fungus-like plant pathogens. It offers a standardised and common tool for scientists studying the presence, absence, or predominance of a particular phase, the speed of phenological phase succession, and the synchronism shift between pathogenic fungi and their host plants, across a wide range of environments and ecosystems. The application of the concept of ‘phenology’ to plant pathogenic fungi and the use of a phenological scoring system involves focusing on the interacting processes between the pathogenic fungi, their hosts, and their biological, physical, and chemical environment, occurring during the life cycle of the pathogen. The goal is to deconstruct the processes involved according to a pattern orchestrated by the fungus's phenology. Such an approach will improve our understanding of the ecology and evolution of such organisms, help to understand and anticipate plant disease epidemics and their future evolution, and make it possible to optimise management models, and to encourage the adoption of cropping practices designed from this phenological perspective.

中文翻译：

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监测植物病原真菌的物候：为什么以及如何？

物候是生物体的一个关键适应性特征，塑造生物对环境的相互作用。由于气候变化对物种物候模式的影响，它已成为一个对社会和经济问题产生影响的重要话题。真菌在生态系统中发挥着重要作用，植物病原真菌对全球粮食安全具有重大影响。然而，植物病原真菌形成了一个巨大而多样的生物进化枝，其物候学在文献中受到的关注有限。这种多样性可能限制了使用通用语言来比较和整合这些分类群的物候数据。在这里，我们深入研究了应用于植物病原真菌的“物候”概念，并探讨了其物候的潜在驱动因素，包括环境因素和寄主植物。我们推出了PhenoFun量表，这是一种适用于所有真菌和类真菌植物病原体的物候评分系统。它为科学家提供了一个标准化和通用的工具，用于研究特定阶段的存在、不存在或优势、物候阶段演替的速度以及病原真菌与其寄主植物之间的同步变化，跨越广泛的环境和生态系统。“物候”概念在植物病原真菌上的应用以及物候评分系统的使用涉及到病原真菌、其宿主及其生物、物理和化学环境之间在生命周期中发生的相互作用过程。的病原体。目标是根据真菌物候精心安排的模式解构所涉及的过程。这种方法将提高我们对此类生物的生态和进化的理解，有助于理解和预测植物病害流行及其未来的演变，并使优化管理模式成为可能，并鼓励采用根据这种物候设计的种植实践。看法。