The FERM domain is a conserved and widespread protein module that appeared in the common ancestor of amoebae, fungi, and animals, and is therefore now found in a wide variety of species. The primary function of the FERM domain is localizing to the plasma membrane through binding lipids and proteins of the membrane; thus, for a long time, FERM domain-containing proteins (FDCPs) were considered exclusively cytoskeletal. Although their role in the cytoplasm has been extensively studied, the recent discovery of the presence and importance of cytoskeletal proteins in the nucleus suggests that FDCPs might also play an important role in nuclear function. In this review, we collected data on their nuclear localization, transport, and possible functions, which are still scattered throughout the literature, with special regard to the role of the FERM domain in these processes. With this, we would like to draw attention to the exciting, new dimension of the role of FDCPs, their nuclear activity, which could be an interesting novel direction for future research.

中文翻译：

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含有 FERM 结构域的蛋白质是细胞核的活性成分。

FERM 结构域是一种保守且广泛存在的蛋白质模块，出现在变形虫、真菌和动物的共同祖先中，因此现在在多种物种中都有发现。FERM 结构域的主要功能是通过结合膜的脂质和蛋白质定位到质膜；因此，长期以来，含 FERM 结构域的蛋白 (FDCP) 被认为是唯一的细胞骨架蛋白。尽管它们在细胞质中的作用已被广泛研究，但最近发现细胞核中细胞骨架蛋白的存在及其重要性表明，FDCP 也可能在核功能中发挥重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们收集了有关它们的核定位、运输和可能功能的数据，这些数据仍然分散在文献中，特别是 FERM 域在这些过程中的作用。借此，我们想提请人们注意 FDCP 作用的令人兴奋的新维度，即它们的核活性，这可能是未来研究的一个有趣的新方向。