HIV is associated with a wide array of pathophysiologic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to mortality. While HIV is traditionally known as a disease that attacks the immune system, it is now established that infection with HIV can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD). Through inflammation, atherogenesis, interactions with antiretroviral therapy/highly-active antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART), and other mechanisms, HIV is an independent risk factor for the development of CVD. The treatment of the CVD risks associated with HIV is complicated, especially due to interactions with hyperlipidemic drugs and ART/HAART. There is a prompt need for a drug (or drug class) that is known to reduce the risk of CVD, specifically in people living with HIV. Recently, the randomized trial to prevent vascular events in HIV trial evaluated the usage of pitavastatin in preventing major cardiac events in people with HIV, showing a significant reduction in cardiac events among those taking the therapeutic. In this review, we evaluate the mechanisms by which HIV contributes to CVD, and the randomized trial to prevent vascular events in HIV trial, and postulate about future directions of the drug in treating people living with HIV.

中文翻译：

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匹伐他汀预防艾滋病毒感染者心血管疾病：综述。

HIV与多种最终导致死亡的病理生理机制有关。虽然 HIV 传统上被认为是一种攻击免疫系统的疾病，但现在已经确定感染 HIV 会导致心血管疾病 (CVD)。通过炎症、动脉粥样硬化、与抗逆转录病毒治疗/高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART/HAART）的相互作用以及其他机制，HIV是CVD发展的独立危险因素。与 HIV 相关的 CVD 风险的治疗很复杂，特别是由于与高脂血症药物和 ART/HAART 的相互作用。迫切需要一种已知可以降低 CVD 风险的药物（或药物类别），特别是对于艾滋病毒感染者。最近，艾滋病毒试验中预防血管事件的随机试验评估了匹伐他汀在预防艾滋病毒感染者重大心脏事件方面的应用，结果表明服用该药物的患者的心脏事件显着减少。在这篇综述中，我们评估了 HIV 导致 CVD 的机制，以及 HIV 试验中预防血管事件的随机试验，并推测了该药物治疗 HIV 感染者的未来方向。