Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the concepts of Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, the New Normal and sustainable development (SD). The simultaneous existence of two Industrial Revolutions raises questions, thus, necessitating discussions and clarifications. The issue of SD has become a compulsory prerequisite for the future survival of humanity.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory and inductive methodology was used to examine the phenomenon under analysis. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through a multi-step methodological process. A brief analysis using VoS viewer software enabled the authors to comprehend recent theoretical developments and analytical perspectives.

Findings

The findings underscore the relationship between the new sustainability challenges, digital transactions and organisational competitiveness. These intricate competitive challenges can be surmounted by focusing on educational offerings, particularly in universities. By forging international educational connections, the challenges posed by SD can be relatively easily overcome.

Originality/value

The authors conducted a comparative study of university students from four different countries: Georgia, Hungary, Italy and Ukraine. The authors observed differences in the average values across various countries, as well as disparities among respondents from the same country. Moreover, the results reveal a tendency among female respondents to be more inclined towards issues of green management and sustainability. SD cannot be realised without international collaboration. The authors present a schematic representation of the systemic connections among the universities of the participating countries to achieve SD.

中文翻译：

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新常态下的工业革命和人力资本：大学体系的跨国分析

目的

本文旨在讨论工业4.0、工业5.0、新常态和可持续发展（SD）的概念。两次工业革命的同时存在提出了问题，因此有必要进行讨论和澄清。可持续发展问题已成为人类未来生存的必然前提。

设计/方法论/途径

使用探索性和归纳性方法来检查所分析的现象。通过多步骤的方法过程收集定性和定量数据。使用 VoS 查看器软件进行的简短分析使作者能够理解最新的理论发展和分析观点。

发现

研究结果强调了新的可持续发展挑战、数字交易和组织竞争力之间的关系。这些复杂的竞争挑战可以通过专注于教育服务（尤其是大学）来克服。通过建立国际教育联系，可持续发展带来的挑战可以相对容易地克服。

原创性/价值

作者对来自四个不同国家的大学生进行了比较研究：格鲁吉亚、匈牙利、意大利和乌克兰。作者观察到不同国家的平均值存在差异，以及来自同一国家的受访者之间的差异。此外，结果显示女性受访者更倾向于绿色管理和可持续发展问题。没有国际合作就不可能实现可持续发展。作者展示了参与国大学之间为实现可持续发展而建立的系统联系的示意图。