Rare earth (RE) permanent magnets are essential components for successful green and digital transition. This paper extensively reviews the properties, recycling potential, and critical raw material state-of-the-art recycling technologies of waste permanent NdFeB magnets (containing about 15–30 wt% REE with high economic value). It also discusses different recycling techniques' fundamentals, benefits, and drawbacks, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemistry, direct recycling, and hybrid processes. This has led to the prospecting of the future development direction of NdFeB waste recycling and the presentation of the research idea of avoiding the drawbacks of individual recycling methods through a combined process. Low energy consumption, minimal environmental risks, and a closed-loop system are suggested to be the three primary objectives of the recycling process.

中文翻译：

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钕铁硼磁铁回收技术概述

稀土 (RE) 永磁体是成功实现绿色和数字化转型的重要组成部分。本文广泛综述了废弃永磁体（稀土含量约 15-30%，具有高经济价值）的性能、回收潜力和关键原材料的最新回收技术。它还讨论了不同回收技术的基本原理、优点和缺点，包括火法冶金、湿法冶金、电化学、直接回收和混合工艺。由此引发了对钕铁硼废料回收未来发展方向的展望，并提出了通过组合工艺避免单一回收方法弊端的研究思路。低能耗、最小环境风险和闭环系统被认为是回收过程的三个主要目标。