The worst scenario for the humanity due to climate change and limiting global temperature seems now real and can be avoided, applying the ideas, approaches and solutions of the “carbon negative footprint” in decrease of greenhouse gas emissions and reaching their net zero. Herein, we describe main definitions and terms of the carbon neutrality and negativity, current and near-future trends in achieving their goals, and corresponding techniques and materials. Global strategies to reach carbon neutrality/negativity are discussed, including green chemistry routes, efficient materials processing, correct materials selection and substitution, use of naturally renewable and recyclable materials, among other definite or synergistic carbon-capture ideas. Carbon negative materials include biochar, several carbon negative concretes and cements, biomass, bamboo-, wood- and grass-derived construction materials, recycled polymers and biopolymers, MOFs and MOF-derived nanocarbons, as well as other nanomaterials and nanocomposites on their basis, including nano-enabled membranes and filters. Carbon capture and storing methods include the DAC (direct air capture), carbon mineralization (in particular, with use of nanomaterials), concrete process optimization, oxy-fuel combustion technology, using high-capacity industrial residues and effluents, liquid and solid sorbents or chemical-looping CO capture, among other alternative capture and regeneration methods. Thus captured carbon can be stored or released in the form of materials “made from air” pollution, including, in particular, carbon-negative construction materials, plastics, coatings, paints and inks. In addition to carbon footprint from construction industries, the future carbon negative technologies, life cycle assessments and circular economy principles, policies and market mechanisms, public-private collaborations, costs, scalability, and environmental impacts of carbon negative materials are discussed.

中文翻译：

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碳负足迹材料：回顾

由于气候变化和限制全球气温而对人类造成的最糟糕的情况现在似乎是真实的，并且可以避免，应用“碳负足迹”的想法、方法和解决方案来减少温室气体排放并达到净零排放。在此，我们描述了碳中和和负性的主要定义和术语、当前和近期实现其目标的趋势以及相应的技术和材料。讨论了实现碳中和/负碳的全球策略，包括绿色化学路线、高效材料加工、正确的材料选择和替代、使用自然可再生和可回收材料，以及其他明确或协同的碳捕获理念。负碳材料包括生物炭、几种负碳混凝土和水泥、生物质、竹子、木材和草衍生的建筑材料、回收聚合物和生物聚合物、MOF和MOF衍生的纳米碳，以及其他纳米材料和纳米复合材料，包括纳米薄膜和过滤器。碳捕获和储存方法包括DAC（直接空气捕获）、碳矿化（特别是使用纳米材料）、混凝土工艺优化、富氧燃烧技术、使用高容量工业残留物和废水、液体和固体吸附剂或化学循环二氧化碳捕获以及其他替代捕获和再生方法。因此，捕获的碳可以以“由空气”污染物制成的材料的形式储存或释放，特别包括负碳建筑材料、塑料、涂料、油漆和油墨。除了建筑行业的碳足迹外，还讨论了未来的碳负技术、生命周期评估和循环经济原则、政策和市场机制、公私合作、成本、可扩展性和碳负材料的环境影响。