Over the last 2 decades, routine collections in the Hawaiian Archipelago have expanded to mesophotic reefs, leading to the discovery of a new red algal genus and species, here described as Anunuuluaehu liula gen. et sp. nov. This study provides a detailed genus and species description and characterizes chloroplast and mitochondrial organellar genomes. The new genus, Anunuuluaehu, shares many characteristics with the family Phyllophoraceae and shows close similarities to Archestennogramma and Stenogramma, including habit morphology, nemathecia forming proliferations at the outer cortex with terminal chains of tetrasporangia, and carposporophytes with multi-layered pericarps. The single species in this genus exhibits distinctive features within the Phyllophoraceae: the presence of single-layer construction of large medullary cells and the development of long, tubular gonimoblastic filaments. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses confirmed it as a unique, monophyletic lineage within the family. Cis-splicing genes, interrupted by intron-encoded proteins within group II introns, are present in both the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of A. liula. Notably, a specific region of the coxI group II intron exhibits similarity to fungal introns. Anunuuluaehu liula is presumed to be endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago and thus far is known to live solely at mesophotic depths from Hōlanikū to Kaho‘olawe ranging from 54 to 201 m, which is the deepest collection record of any representative in the family. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the genomic and taxonomic complexities of red algae in mesophotic habitats, emphasizing the significance of continued research in this area to uncover further insights into evolutionary processes and biogeographic patterns.

中文翻译：

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Anunuuluaehu liula 的细胞器基因组特征，代表来自夏威夷中光带的Phyllophoraceae（Gigartinales，Rhodophyta）的新属和种

在过去的 20 年中，夏威夷群岛的常规收集已扩展到中光珊瑚礁，从而发现了一种新的红藻属和种，此处称为Anunuuluaehu liula gen。等 十一月 这项研究提供了详细的属和种描述，并表征了叶绿体和线粒体细胞器基因组。新属Anunuuluaehu与 Phyllophoraceae 科具有许多特征，并且与Archestennogramma和Stenogramma非常相似，包括习性形态、在外皮层形成具有四孢子囊末端链的线囊壳增殖以及具有多层果皮的果孢子植物。该属的单一物种在叶柄科中表现出独特的特征：存在大髓质细胞的单层结构以及长管状生殖母细胞丝的发育。多基因系统发育分析证实它是该家族中独特的单系谱系。顺式剪接基因被 II 组内含子内的内含子编码蛋白打断，存在于A. liula的叶绿体和线粒体基因组中。值得注意的是， cox I II 组内含子的特定区域表现出与真菌内含子的相似性。Anunuuluaehu liula被认为是夏威夷群岛的特有种，迄今为止仅生活在从 Hōlanikū 到 Kaho'olawe 的中光深度，水深 54 至 201 m，这是该家族中任何代表的最深采集记录。总体而言，这项研究增强了我们对中光生境中红藻基因组和分类学复杂性的理解，强调了在该领域继续研究以进一步深入了解进化过程和生物地理模式的重要性。