The moiré scale friction modulation is a well-known phenomenon for tip sliding on van der Waals heterostructures. In this study, we have discovered a general rule that governs the long-range friction modulation in graphene-based moiré heterostructures. Firstly, the moiré in-plane lattice reconstruction regulates out-of-plane moiré morphology. Secondly, the in-plane deformation of graphene induced by tip sliding on the reconstructed moiré surface can significantly amplify the local movement of the moiré surface. Thirdly, the out-of-plane morphology and local movement of the moiré surface change the contact trajectory of the tip, thereby modulating the moiré scale friction. As the moiré reconstruction is closely related to the stacking status of heterostructures, an explicit expression of the reconstructed moiré morphology is derived based on the local registry index. Then, the tip contact trajectory is obtained by considering the tip indentation and in-plane deformation-induced moiré patterns movement for twisted and strained graphene heterostructures. Based on the tip contact trajectory, the long-range friction modulation of graphene heterostructures is perfectly characterized. Furthermore, a deformation-coupled Prandtl-Tomlinson model was developed, which well reproduces the friction behaviors of graphene-based moiré heterostructures. Our findings highlight the crucial role of internal dynamics of contact interfaces on frictional behaviors of van der Waals (vdW) moiré superlattices, offering valuable insights for the rational design and control of frictional response at the nanoscale.

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基于石墨烯的莫尔异质结构中长程摩擦调制的一般机制

莫尔尺度摩擦调制是范德华异质结构上尖端滑动的一种众所周知的现象。在这项研究中，我们发现了控制基于石墨烯的莫尔异质结构中的长程摩擦调制的一般规则。首先，莫尔面内晶格重建调节面外莫尔形态。其次，尖端在重建莫尔表面上滑动引起的石墨烯面内变形可以显着放大莫尔表面的局部运动。第三，莫尔表面的面外形态和局部运动改变了尖端的接触轨迹，从而调节莫尔鳞片摩擦。由于莫尔条纹重构与异质结构的堆叠状态密切相关，因此基于局部注册指数导出了重构莫尔条纹形态的明确表达。然后，通过考虑扭曲和应变石墨烯异质结构的尖端压痕和面内变形引起的莫尔图案运动，获得尖端接触轨迹。基于尖端接触轨迹，石墨烯异质结构的长程摩擦调制得到了完美的表征。此外，还开发了变形耦合普朗特-汤姆林森模型，该模型很好地再现了石墨烯基莫尔异质结构的摩擦行为。我们的研究结果强调了接触界面的内部动力学对范德华（vdW）莫尔超晶格摩擦行为的关键作用，为纳米尺度摩擦响应的合理设计和控制提供了宝贵的见解。