In this paper, we present an investigation of the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under combined bending loads and various axial forces using a finite element method (FEM) model developed with the ABAQUS finite element program, verified with actual experimental values. In the experimental study, we applied combined bending loads and various axial forces to four RC members. Two RC members were subjected to vertical cyclic loads using displacement control with 0% axial force, while the other two were tested with vertical cyclic loads, one with 10% axial force, and the other with 20% axial force. The axial force load was applied using a specially designed setup. The experimental results of the RC members include observations of final failure mode, ductility, and axial load–bending moment interaction curves (P–M correlation curves). The experimental study confirmed that as the axial force increased, cracks in the RC columns concentrated at the center of the column. The yield strength increased by 55% when the axial force ratio was 10%, and 106% when the axial force ratio was 20%. The maximum strength increased by 28% with a 10% axial force ratio, and 50% with a 20% axial force ratio. However, ductility tended to decrease as the axial force increased, reducing by 26% with a 10% axial force ratio and 60% with a 20% axial force ratio. The analytical study produced results consistent with the experimental research, showing similar numerical trends. Finally, when comparing theoretical values, experimental results, and analytical results using P–M correlation curves, we found that the experimental value has a safety rate of 18% compared to the theoretical value. The experimental and theoretical result values were similar. Therefore, it has been demonstrated experimentally and analytically that the current design has a safety value of about 18% for the performance of the actual structure.

在本文中，我们使用 ABAQUS 有限元程序开发的有限元法 (FEM) 模型对组合弯曲载荷和各种轴向力下的钢筋混凝土 (RC) 柱的性能进行了研究，并通过实际实验值进行了验证。在实验研究中，我们对四个 RC 构件施加了组合弯曲载荷和各种轴向力。两个钢筋混凝土构件采用位移控制、0% 轴力进行竖向循环荷载试验，另外两个构件则进行竖向循环荷载试验，其中一个采用 10% 轴力，另一个采用 20% 轴力。使用专门设计的装置施加轴向力载荷。 RC 构件的实验结果包括最终失效模式、延展性和轴向载荷-弯矩相互作用曲线（P-M 相关曲线）的观察结果。试验研究证实，随着轴力的增大，RC柱的裂缝集中在柱中心。当轴力比为10%时屈服强度提高55%，当轴力比为20%时屈服强度提高106%。轴力比为10%时，最大强度增加28%；轴力比为20%时，最大强度增加50%。然而，随着轴向力的增加，延展性趋于下降，当轴力比为10%时，延展性下降26%；当轴力比为20%时，延展性下降60%。分析研究得出的结果与实验研究一致，显示出相似的数值趋势。最后，当使用P-M相关曲线比较理论值、实验结果和分析结果时，我们发现实验值与理论值相比安全率为18%。实验和理论结果值相似。因此，通过实验和分析证明，目前的设计对于实际结构的性能来说，安全值约为18%。