Wildfire and postfire salvage logging are major drivers of forest succession in western North America. Although postfire landscapes support a variety of carnivore species, it is unclear how these animals respond to differing patterns and severities of burning, or to additional landscape change from postfire salvage logging. Open, early-seral habitats created by these disturbances are predicted to benefit generalists such as coyotes (Canis latrans) and weasels (Mustela spp.), but restrict the activity of forest specialists such as Canadaian Lynx (Lynx canadensis) and Pacific Marten (Martes caurina). We used winter track surveys, supplemented with remote cameras, to examine carnivore habitat use in and around large, mixed-severity burns in north-central Washington, United States (burned in 2006), and central British Columbia, Canada (burned in 2010, then partially salvage-logged; some areas reburned in 2017). At 10 to 13 years postfire, marten had similar detection rates across lightly and severely burned areas of the 2006 burn, as did coyotes. Marten selected lightly burned areas of the 2010 burn (6 to 9 years postfire) over higher burn severities, and selected burns over adjacent unburned forests. Weasels selected areas of higher burn severity on both landscapes, while Lynx selected lower burn severities. Weasels and coyotes selected areas with a greater proportion of salvage-logged habitat in the 2010 burn, while marten, lynx, and wolves (Canis lupus) avoided areas with salvage logging. Fishers (Pekania pennanti) showed no clear patterns of selection or avoidance in relation to burn severity or salvage logging. Burn severity strongly influences wildlife activity postfire; lightly burned residual habitats are critical for forest specialists. Postfire salvage logging alters carnivore communities and may hinder species that require structurally complex landscapes.

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烧伤严重程度和火后抢救伐木对山地森林食肉动物群落的影响

野火和火后抢救性伐木是北美西部森林演替的主要驱动力。尽管火灾后的景观支持多种食肉动物物种，但尚不清楚这些动物如何应对不同的燃烧模式和严重程度，或火灾后抢救伐木造成的额外景观变化。这些干扰造成的开放的早期群居栖息地预计将有利于土狼 (Canis latrans) 和黄鼠狼 (Mustela spp.) 等通才，但会限制加拿大山猫 (Lynx canadensis) 和太平洋貂 (Martes) 等森林专家的活动考里纳）。我们利用冬季跟踪调查并辅以远程摄像机，检查了美国华盛顿中北部（2006 年被烧毁）和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省中部（2010 年被烧毁，然后部分被抢救；部分区域于 2017 年重新燃烧）。火灾发生后 10 到 13 年，貂在 2006 年烧伤的轻度和重度烧伤区域的检出率与郊狼相似。 Marten 选择了 2010 年烧伤（火灾后 6 到 9 年）的轻度烧伤区域，而不是较严重的烧伤区域，并选择了邻近未烧毁森林的烧伤区域。黄鼠狼在这两个景观中选择了烧伤严重程度较高的区域，而山猫则选择了烧伤严重程度较低的区域。在 2010 年的火灾中，黄鼠狼和土狼选择了被抢救性伐木的栖息地比例较高的地区，而貂、猞猁和狼（Canis lupus）则避开了被抢救性伐木的地区。渔民（Pekania pennanti）没有表现出与烧伤严重程度或打捞伐木相关的明确选择或回避模式。烧伤严重程度强烈影响火灾后野生动物的活动；轻度烧毁的残余栖息地对于森林专家来说至关重要。火灾后的抢救伐木改变了食肉动物群落，并可能阻碍需要结构复杂景观的物种。