Glycosylation is a prevalent post-modification found in natural products and has a significant impact on the structural diversity and activity variation of natural products. Glucosylation is the most common type of glycosylation, whereas xylosylation is relatively rare. Despite their unique chemical structures and beneficial activities, xylosylated natural products from microorganisms have received little attention. This review provides, for the first time, a comprehensive summary of 126 microbial-derived xylosylated natural products, including xylosyl-cyathane diterpenes, xylosylated triterpenes, xylosyl aromatic compounds, and others. Among these compounds, xylosyl-cyathane diterpenes represent the highest number of derivatives, followed by xylosylated triterpenes. Xylosyl compounds from bacterial sources have less defined structural profiles compared to those from fungi. The characterization of xylosyltransferase EriJ from Basidiomycota extended the structural diversity of xylosyl cyathane diterpenes. This work provides a valuable reference for the research and use of xylosyltransferase for drug discovery and synthetic chemistry. Further work is needed to explore the potential applications of microbial derived xylosyl compounds and to develop novel xylosyl transferases. With the deepening of genomic sequencing of medicinal fungi, more biosynthesis of bioactive xylosyl compounds is expected to be elucidated in the future.

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中文翻译：

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来自微生物来源的天然和工程木糖基产品

糖基化是天然产物中普遍存在的后修饰，对天然产物的结构多样性和活性变化具有重大影响。糖基化是最常见的糖基化类型，而木糖基化相对罕见。尽管微生物的木糖化天然产物具有独特的化学结构和有益活性，但很少受到关注。该综述首次对 126 种微生物来源的木糖基化天然产物进行了全面总结，包括木糖基氰烷二萜、木糖基三萜、木糖基芳香族化合物等。在这些化合物中，木糖基氰烷二萜代表了最多数量的衍生物，其次是木糖基化三萜。与真菌来源的木糖基化合物相比，细菌来源的木糖基化合物的结构特征不太明确。担子菌门木糖基转移酶 EriJ 的表征扩展了木糖基氰烷二萜的结构多样性。这项工作为木糖基转移酶在药物发现和合成化学中的研究和应用提供了有价值的参考。需要进一步的工作来探索微生物衍生的木糖基化合物的潜在应用并开发新型木糖基转移酶。随着药用真菌基因组测序的深入，未来有望阐明更多具有生物活性的木糖基化合物的生物合成。

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