Abstract

Marine-derived fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been surveyed for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals since 1993, with various new secondary metabolites being characterized from the strains of marine animal, plant, sediment, and water origin. Chemical structures and biological activities of these metabolites are comprehensively reviewed herein up to the end of 2022 (covering 30 years). More than 70 strains that belong to at least 18 known Trichoderma species have been chemically investigated during this period. As a result, 445 new metabolites, including terpenes, steroids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and others, have been identified, with over a half possessing antimicroalgal, zooplankton-toxic, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. The research is highlighted by the molecular diversity and antimicroalgal potency of terpenes and steroids. In addition, metabolic relevance along with co-culture induction in the production of new compounds is also concluded. Trichoderma strains of marine origin can transform and degrade heterogeneous molecules, but these functions need further exploration.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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海洋木霉代谢物的化学和生物学

摘要

自 1993 年以来，人们一直在研究海洋木霉属真菌的药物和农用化学品用途，并从海洋动物、植物、沉积物和水源菌株中鉴定出各种新的次生代谢物。本文全面综述了截至2022年底（涵盖30年）的这些代谢物的化学结构和生物活性。在此期间，对属于至少 18 种已知木霉属物种的 70 多个菌株进行了化学研究。结果，已鉴定出445种新代谢物，包括萜烯、类固醇、聚酮化合物、肽、生物碱等，其中一半以上具有抗微藻、浮游动物毒性、抗菌、抗真菌、细胞毒、抗炎等活性。该研究的重点是萜烯和类固醇的分子多样性和抗微藻功效。此外，还得出了新化合物生产中代谢相关性以及共培养诱导的结论。海洋来源的木霉菌株可以转化和降解异质分子，但这些功能需要进一步探索。

图形概要