This article examines the issues of segregation and constitutional supercooling (CSC) in the context of industrial highly-doped Nd:YAG crystal growth. The study involved the growth of several Nd:YAG crystals using Czochralski method, revealing that the heavily Nd doped YAG crystals often cracked during the late stage of shoulder growth. At this stage, the solid–liquid interface instability was observed, and it was found that CSC led to temperature fluctuations, ultimately causing interface instability and crystal cracking. The study also investigated the influence of growth parameters, such as growth rate and crystal rotation rate, on CSC. It was determined that convection plays an important role, and a critical growth condition was identified: when the normalized growth velocity surpasses a certain threshold, the solidification behavior changes, resulting in CSC. In the end, the article compared analytical results with experimental data, demonstrating good agreement between the two.

中文翻译：

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Nd:YAG 直拉晶体生长中的偏析和组织过冷

本文研究了工业高掺杂 Nd:YAG 晶体生长中的偏析和结构过冷 (CSC) 问题。该研究涉及使用直拉法生长几种 Nd:YAG 晶体，揭示了重度 Nd 掺杂的 YAG 晶体在肩部生长的后期经常破裂。在这个阶段，观察到固液界面不稳定，发现CSC导致温度波动，最终导致界面不稳定和晶体破裂。该研究还调查了生长速率和晶体旋转速率等生长参数对 CSC 的影响。确定对流起着重要作用，并确定了一个关键的生长条件：当标准化生长速度超过一定阈值时，凝固行为发生变化，导致 CSC。最后，文章将分析结果与实验数据进行了比较，表明两者具有良好的一致性。