Microcirculatory disturbances are complex processes caused by many factors, including abnormal vasomotor responses, decreased blood flow velocity, vascular endothelial cell injury, altered leukocyte and endothelial cell interactions, plasma albumin leakage, microvascular hemorrhage, and thrombosis. These disturbances involve multiple mechanisms and interactions among mechanisms that can include energy metabolism, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules, the cytoskeleton, vascular endothelial cells, caveolae, cell junctions, the vascular basement membrane, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets. In clinical practice, aside from drugs that target abnormal vasomotor responses and platelet adhesion, there continues to be a lack of multi-target drugs that can regulate the complex mechanistic links and interactions underlying microcirculatory disturbances. Natural products have demonstrated obvious positive therapeutic effects in treating ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microcirculatory disturbances. In recent years, numerous research papers on the improvement of microcirculatory function by natural products have been published in international journals. In 2008 and 2017, the first listed author of this review was invited to publish reviews in the journal of “” on the improvement of microcirculatory disturbances and organ injury induced by I/R using ingredients and other natural components of compounded Chinese medicine, respectively. This review systematically summarizes the effects, targets of action, and mechanisms of natural products regarding improving I/R- and LPS-induced microcirculatory disturbances and tissue injury. Based on this summary, scientific proposals are suggested for the discovery of new drugs to improve microcirculatory disturbances in disease.

中文翻译：

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天然产物改善缺血/再灌注和脂多糖引起的紊乱后的器官微循环功能障碍：机制和治疗观点

微循环障碍是由多种因素引起的复杂过程，包括血管舒缩反应异常、血流速度降低、血管内皮细胞损伤、白细胞和内皮细胞相互作用改变、血浆白蛋白渗漏、微血管出血和血栓形成。这些干扰涉及多种机制和机制之间的相互作用，包括能量代谢、线粒体呼吸链、氧化应激、炎症因子、粘附分子、细胞骨架、血管内皮细胞、小凹、细胞连接、血管基底膜、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、和血小板。在临床实践中，除了针对异常血管舒缩反应和血小板粘附的药物外，仍然缺乏能够调节微循环障碍背后的复杂机制联系和相互作用的多靶点药物。天然产物在治疗缺血/再灌注（I/R）和脂多糖（LPS）引起的微循环障碍方面表现出明显的积极治疗作用。近年来，国际期刊上发表了大量关于天然产物改善微循环功能的研究论文。2008年和2017年，该综述的第一作者分别受邀在《中药》杂志上发表关于使用复方中药成分和其他天然成分改善缺血再灌注引起的微循环障碍和器官损伤的综述。本综述系统总结了天然产物在改善 I/R 和 LPS 引起的微循环障碍和组织损伤方面的作用、作用目标和机制。基于此总结，提出了发现新药以改善疾病微循环障碍的科学建议。