Climate change might increase plant diseases, reduce crop yields and threaten the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers globally. It is thus important to understand the relationships between climate, disease levels and yield to improve management strategies for sustainable agroforestry in a changing climate. One of the major threats to coffee production in Africa is the coffee berry disease (). To investigate the effects of climatic and management variables on coffee berry disease (CBD) incidence and yield, we recorded minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity, as well as CBD and yield, along a broad environmental and management gradient in southwestern Ethiopia during two consecutive years. CBD was affected by several climatic and management variables. For example, CBD incidence increased with minimum temperature during the fruit expansion stage, and decreased with minimum temperature during the endosperm filling stage. CBD incidence was negatively affected by the proportion of resistant cultivars, whereas the coffee structure index (pruning) had no effect on disease incidence. Coffee yield decreased with increasing minimum temperature during the flowering period in 2018 and maximum temperature during the fruit developmental period in 2019. Coffee yield was negatively affected by canopy cover and positively affected by the coffee structure index in both years. Our findings highlight that CBD and yield were affected by different climatic and management variables. Yet, managing for low disease levels and high yield is practically difficult due to season-dependent effects of several climatic variables. One way to break the correlation of climatic variables between seasons might be to take advantage of differences among shade trees in the presence or timing of leaf drop. To reduce CBD incidence, using resistant cultivars is an effective strategy, but this might threaten the wild coffee genetic reservoir.

中文翻译：

---

气候和管理对咖啡原生地咖啡浆果病和产量的影响

气候变化可能会增加植物病害、降低作物产量并威胁全球数百万小农的生计。因此，了解气候、疾病水平和产量之间的关系对于改进气候变化下可持续农林业的管理策略非常重要。非洲咖啡生产的主要威胁之一是咖啡浆果病 ()。为了调查气候和管理变量对咖啡浆果病 (CBD) 发病率和产量的影响，我们连续两个记录了埃塞俄比亚西南部广泛的环境和管理梯度的最低和最高温度和相对湿度，以及 CBD 和产量。年。 CBD 受到多种气候和管理变量的影响。例如，在果实膨大期，CBD发生率随着最低温度的增加而增加，在胚乳灌浆期，随着最低温度的增加，CBD的发生率降低。 CBD 发病率受到抗性品种比例的负面影响，而咖啡结构指数（修剪）对发病率没有影响。随着2018年开花期最低温度和2019年果实发育期最高温度的升高，咖啡产量下降。这两年咖啡产量均受到冠层覆盖度的负面影响，而受到咖啡结构指数的正面影响。我们的研究结果强调，CBD 和产量受到不同气候和管理变量的影响。然而，由于几个气候变量的季节依赖性影响，控制低疾病水平和高产量实际上很困难。打破季节之间气候变量相关性的一种方法可能是利用遮荫树在落叶情况或落叶时间方面的差异。为了减少 CBD 的发生，使用抗性品种是一种有效的策略，但这可能会威胁到野生咖啡的遗传库。