Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided interventions are among the most challenging procedures performed by interventional endoscopists and are associated with a significant risk of complications. Early recognition and classification of perforations allows immediate therapy which improves clinical outcomes. In this article we review the different aspects of iatrogenic perforations associated with pancreatico-biliary interventions, elucidating risk factors, diagnostic challenges and the latest therapeutic interventions.

中文翻译：

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肝胰胆道内镜干预期间医源性穿孔的处理

内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）和内窥镜超声（EUS）引导干预是介入内窥镜医师执行的最具挑战性的手术之一，并且与并发症的显着风险相关。穿孔的早期识别和分类可以立即进行治疗，从而改善临床结果。在本文中，我们回顾了与胰胆干预相关的医源性穿孔的不同方面，阐明了危险因素、诊断挑战和最新的治疗干预措施。