In the environment, organisms are exposed to mixtures of different toxicants, which may interact in ways that are difficult to predict when only considering each component individually. Adapting and expanding tools from pharmacology, the toxicology field uses analytical, graphical, and computational methods to identify and quantify interactions in multi-component mixtures. The two general frameworks are concentration addition, where components have similar modes of action and their effects sum together, or independent action, where components have dissimilar modes of action and do not interact. Other interaction behaviors include synergism and antagonism, where the combined effects are more or less than the additive sum of individual effects. This review covers foundational theory, methods, an in-depth survey of original research from the past 20 years, current trends, and future directions. As humans and ecosystems are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of environmental contaminants, analyzing mixtures interactions will continue to become a more critical aspect of toxicological research.

中文翻译：

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环境毒理学中混合物相互作用的建模

在环境中，生物体暴露于不同有毒物质的混合物中，当仅单独考虑每种成分时，这些有毒物质可能以难以预测的方式相互作用。毒理学领域采用分析、图形和计算方法来适应和扩展药理学工具，来识别和量化多组分混合物中的相互作用。两种通用框架是浓度加成，其中组分具有相似的作用模式并且它们的效果加在一起，或独立作用，其中组分具有不同的作用模式并且不相互作用。其他相互作用行为包括协同作用和拮抗作用，其中组合效应或多或少于单个效应的加和。这篇综述涵盖了基础理论、方法、对过去 20 年原创研究的深入调查、当前趋势和未来方向。随着人类和生态系统暴露于日益复杂的环境污染物混合物中，分析混合物相互作用将继续成为毒理学研究中更重要的方面。