Louis Pasteur once famously said ‘in the fields of observation chance favors only the prepared mind’. Much of chance is being in the right place at the right time. This is particularly true in the crowded molecular environment of the cell where being in the right place is often more important than timing. Although Brownian motion argues that enzymes will eventually bump into substrates, this probability is greatly enhanced if both molecules reside in the same subcellular compartment. However, activation of cell signaling enzymes often requires the transmission of chemical signals from extracellular stimuli to intracellular sites of action. This review highlights new developments in our understanding of cAMP generation and the 3D utilization of this second messenger inside cells.

中文翻译：

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cAMP 信号传导：一个显着的区域性事件

路易斯·巴斯德曾经说过一句名言：“在观察领域，机会只青睐有准备的头脑”。很多机会是在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。在细胞拥挤的分子环境中尤其如此，在正确的位置通常比时机更重要。尽管布朗运动认为酶最终会撞击底物，但如果两个分子位于同一亚细胞区室中，这种可能性就会大大增加。然而，细胞信号酶的激活通常需要将化学信号从细胞外刺激传递到细胞内的作用位点。这篇综述强调了我们对 cAMP 生成和细胞内第二信使 3D 利用的理解的新进展。