This pilot study aimed to test a comprehensive experience sampling method (ESM) protocol for investigating the relationship between stress and personality functioning (PF) in the daily lives of outpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants (N = 22) responded to a 32-item ESM questionnaire 10 times a day for 1 week while wearing two stress detection devices. Results showed that the protocol was feasible. There was a high level of compliance (i.e. average of 85%), and no serious adverse events. The main indices, that is, Stress and PF, demonstrated acceptable to excellent internal consistency and provisional evidence for their validity. We found that 64% of the variability in PF was due to within-subject differences. Mixed modelling showed that the momentary changes in stress (p < .001) and body position (i.e. active vs passive; p < .001) explained an estimated 46% of this within-subject variance. We found no significant within-subject effects when we used parameters of autonomic nervous system (ANS)–activity as predictors. Data loss during recording and artefact detection of electrophysiological data were substantial but not related to momentary changes in PF. The preliminary findings suggest that PF is a volatile aspect of personality pathology and that there is a strong, concurrent relationship between stress and PF in daily life. This pilot study constitutes the first demonstration of PF fluctuations within a clinical sample and initiates an examination of their association with ANS activity.

中文翻译：

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日常生活中与压力相关的人格功能波动：对诊断为边缘性人格障碍的门诊患者进行的动态监测研究的初步数据

这项试点研究旨在测试综合经验抽样方法 (ESM) 方案，以调查被诊断为边缘性人格障碍 (BPD) 的门诊患者日常生活中压力与人格功能 (PF) 之间的关系。参与者（N  = 22）佩戴两个压力检测设备，每天回答 10 次包含 32 项的 ESM 问卷，持续 1 周。结果表明该方案可行。依从性很高（即平均85%），并且没有严重的不良事件。主要指标，即压力和 PF，表现出良好的内部一致性和有效性的临时证据。我们发现 64% 的 PF 变异是由于受试者内部差异造成的。混合模型显示，压力 ( p  < .001) 和身体姿势（即主动与被动；p  < .001）的瞬时变化解释了这种受试者内方差的估计 46%。当我们使用自主神经系统（ANS）活动参数作为预测因子时，我们没有发现显着的受试者内效应。电生理数据记录和伪影检测过程中的数据丢失量很大，但与 PF 的瞬时变化无关。初步研究结果表明，PF 是人格病理学的一个不稳定的方面，并且日常生活中的压力和 PF 之间存在很强的、同时存在的关系。这项试点研究首次证明了临床样本中的 PF 波动，并开始检查其与 ANS 活动的关联。