Measurements of the current expansion rate of the Universe, \(H_{0}\), using standard candles, disagree with those derived from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, is substantial and suggests the possibility of revisions to the standard cosmological model (Cosmological constant \(\Lambda \) and cold dark matter – \(\Lambda CDM\)). Dynamic dark energy (DE) models that introduce deviations in the expansion history relative to \(\Lambda CDM\) could potentially explain this tension. We used Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data to test a dynamic DE model consisting of an equation of state that varies linearly with the cosmological scale factor \(a\). To evaluate this model, we developed a new statistic (the \(T_{\alpha }\) statistic) used in conjunction with an optimization code that minimizes its value to obtain model parameters. The \(T_{\alpha }\) statistic reduces bias errors (in comparison to the \(\chi ^{2}\) statistic) because it retains the sign of the residuals, which is meaningful in testing the dynamic DE model as the deviations in the expansion history introduced by this model act asymmetrically in redshift space. The DE model fits the SNe data reasonably well, but the available SNe data lacks the statistical power to discriminate between \(\Lambda CDM\) and alternative models. To further assess the model using CMB data, we computed the distance to the last scattering surface and compared the results with that derived from the Planck observations. Although the simple dynamic DE model tested does not completely resolve the tension, it is not ruled out by the data and could still play a role alongside other physical effects.

使用标准蜡烛对宇宙当前膨胀率\(H_{0}\)的测量结果与从宇宙微波背景 (CMB) 观测中得出的结果不一致。这种差异被称为哈勃张力，它是巨大的，并且表明了对标准宇宙学模型（宇宙学常数\(\Lambda \)和冷暗物质 – \(\Lambda CDM\) ）进行修订的可能性。动态暗能量 (DE) 模型引入了相对于\(\Lambda CDM\) 的膨胀历史偏差，可能可以解释这种张力。我们使用 Ia 型超新星 (SNe) 数据来测试动态 DE 模型，该模型由随宇宙尺度因子\(a\)线性变化的状态方程组成。为了评估这个模型，我们开发了一种新的统计量（\(T_{\alpha }\)统计量），与优化代码结合使用，最小化其值以获得模型参数。 \ (T_{\alpha }\)统计量减少了偏差误差（与\(\chi ^{2}\)统计量相比），因为它保留了残差的符号，这对于测试动态 DE 模型是有意义的：该模型引入的膨胀历史偏差在红移空间中表现得不对称。 DE 模型相当适合 SNe 数据，但可用的 SNe 数据缺乏区分\(\Lambda CDM\)和替代模型的统计能力。为了使用 CMB 数据进一步评估模型，我们计算了到最后一个散射表面的距离，并将结果与​​普朗克观测得出的结果进行了比较。尽管测试的简单动态 DE 模型并不能完全解决张力，但数据并没有排除它，并且仍然可以与其他物理效应一起发挥作用。