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The aim of this updated systematic review was to offer an overview of the effectiveness of environmental surveillance (ES) of SARS-CoV-2 as a potential early-warning system (EWS) for COVID-19 and new variants of concerns (VOCs) during the second year of the pandemic. An updated literature search was conducted to evaluate the added value of ES of SARS-CoV-2 for public health decisions. The search for studies published between June 2021 and July 2022 resulted in 1,588 publications, identifying 331 articles for full-text screening. A total of 151 publications met our inclusion criteria for the assessment of the effectiveness of ES as an EWS and early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants. We identified a further 30 publications among the grey literature. ES confirms its usefulness as an EWS for detecting new waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an average lead time of 1–2 weeks for most of the publication. ES could function as an EWS for new VOCs in areas with no registered cases or limited clinical capacity. Challenges in data harmonization and variant detection require standardized approaches and innovations for improved public health decision-making. ES confirms its potential to support public health decision-making and resource allocation in future outbreaks.

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本次更新的系统评价的目的是概述 SARS-CoV-2 环境监测 (ES) 作为 COVID-19 和新关注变体 (VOC) 潜在预警系统 (EWS) 的有效性。疫情爆发的第二年。我们进行了更新的文献检索，以评估 SARS-CoV-2 ES 对公共卫生决策的附加价值。对 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 7 月期间发表的研究的搜索结果为 1,588 篇出版物，确定了 331 篇文章进行全文筛选。共有 151 篇出版物符合我们评估 ES 作为 EWS 的有效性和早期检测 SARS-CoV-2 变体的纳入标准。我们在灰色文献中又发现了 30 篇出版物。 ES 证实了其作为 EWS 的有用性，可用于检测新一波 SARS-CoV-2 感染，大部分出版物的平均交付时间为 1-2 周。在没有登记病例或临床能力有限的地区，ES 可以充当新 VOC 的 EWS。数据协调和变异检测方面的挑战需要标准化方法和创新来改进公共卫生决策。 ES 证实了其在未来疫情爆发时支持公共卫生决策和资源分配的潜力。