This paper extends the evidence on the impact of trade reforms on firms by focusing on non-tariff measures (NTMs), an increasingly important trade policy instrument in advanced and developing economies. We build a novel time-varying dataset on all NTMs applied to imported products by Indonesia and quantify the trade distortions they generate. We find that unlike tariffs, which reduce plants' productivity, NTMs do not significantly affect plants' performance. However, the most trade-reducing NTMs are associated with lower plant-level markups, which is consistent with the increase in the cost of imported inputs induced by these NTMs.

中文翻译：

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没有痛苦就能收获？非关税措施、工厂加价和生产率

本文重点关注非关税措施（NTM），扩展了贸易改革对企业影响的证据，非关税措施是发达经济体和发展中经济体日益重要的贸易政策工具。我们针对印度尼西亚应用于进口产品的所有非关税措施建立了一个新颖的时变数据集，并量化了它们产生的贸易扭曲。我们发现，与降低工厂生产率的关税不同，非关税措施不会显着影响工厂的绩效。然而，最能减少贸易的非关税措施与较低的工厂加价有关，这与这些非关税措施引起的进口投入成本的增加是一致的。