Rainfall–runoff modeling requires a selection of a suitable hydrologic model for the determination of an accurate quantity. A better understanding of rainfall–runoff processes is important for stream flow generation within a river basin. This study investigate the long-term spatial–temporal trend of rainfall and streamflow using the hydrologic engineering center-hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model to understand the rainfall–runoff dynamics in the Banas River basin. Rainfall variability was analyzed for two periods: 1971–1995 and 1996–2020. Continuous wavelet transform was used to analyze the periodicity and the inter-seasonal relationship in rainfall. HEC-GeoHMS was used to generate the various inputs for the hydrologic modeling inputs for the HEC-HMS model. Initial constant loss and ModClark transform method were used to set up the HEC-HMS model for the study area. Calibration and validation of the model were performed using 3 years of observed data 2010–2012 and 2013–2015, respectively. Statistical model efficiency was checked using the coefficient of determination (R²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, and root mean squared error to evaluate the performance of the HEC-HMS model. The finding indicated that the R² values are 0.80 for calibration and 0.82 for validation periods, respectively, which are in good arrangement with the measured values. This study analyzes the relationship between rainfall and runoff, which will aid in proper and efficient water resource management.

中文翻译：

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印度拉贾斯坦邦半干旱流域降雨小波分析及水文模型应用

降雨径流建模需要选择合适的水文模型来确定准确的数量。更好地了解降雨径流过程对于流域内的水流生成非常重要。本研究利用水文工程中心-水文建模系统（HEC-HMS）模型研究降雨和径流的长期时空趋势，以了解巴纳斯河流域的降雨径流动态。对两个时期的降雨量变化进行了分析：1971-1995 年和 1996-2020 年。利用连续小波变换分析降雨的周期性和季节间关系。 HEC-GeoHMS 用于生成 HEC-HMS 模型的水文建模输入的各种输入。采用初始常数损失和ModClark变换方法建立了研究区的HEC-HMS模型。模型的校准和验证分别使用 2010-2012 年和 2013-2015 年 3 年的观测数据进行。使用决定系数 ( R ² )、Nash-Sutcliffe 效率和均方根检查统计模型效率，以评估 HEC-HMS 模型的性能。结果表明，校准期的R ²值为 0.80，验证期的 R 2 值为 0.82，与测量值吻合良好。这项研究分析了降雨和径流之间的关系，这将有助于适当和有效的水资源管理。