In precision cancer therapy, addressing intra-tumor heterogeneity poses a significant obstacle. Due to the heterogeneity of each cell subtype and between cells within the tumor, the sensitivity and resistance of different patients to targeted drugs, chemotherapy, , are inconsistent. Concerning a specific tumor type, many feasible treatments or combinations can be used by specifically targeting the tumor microenvironment. To solve this problem, it is necessary to further study the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell sequencing techniques can dissect distinct tumor cell populations by isolating cells and using statistical computational methods. This technology may assist in the selection of targeted combination therapy, and the obtained cell subset information is crucial for the rational application of targeted therapy. In this review, we summarized the research and application advances of single-cell sequencing technology in the tumor microenvironment, including the most commonly used single-cell genomic and transcriptomic sequencing, and their future development direction was proposed. The application of single-cell sequencing technology has been expanded to include epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis. The integration of these different omics approaches has significantly advanced the development of single-cell multiomics sequencing technology. This innovative approach holds immense potential for various fields, such as biological research and medical investigations. Finally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using single-cell sequencing to explore the tumor microenvironment.

中文翻译：

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利用单细胞测序技术探究肿瘤微环境特征的研究进展及展望

在精准癌症治疗中，解决肿瘤内异质性是一个重大障碍。由于肿瘤内各个细胞亚型以及细胞之间的异质性，不同患者对靶向药物、化疗的敏感性和耐药性不一致。对于特定的肿瘤类型，可以通过专门针对肿瘤微环境来使用许多可行的治疗方法或组合。为了解决这个问题，需要进一步研究肿瘤微环境。单细胞测序技术可以通过分离细胞并使用统计计算方法来剖析不同的肿瘤细胞群。该技术可能有助于靶向联合治疗的选择，获得的细胞亚群信息对于靶向治疗的合理应用至关重要。本文综述了单细胞测序技术在肿瘤微环境中的研究和应用进展，包括最常用的单细胞基因组和转录组测序，并提出了其未来的发展方向。单细胞测序技术的应用已扩展到包括表观基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微生物组分析。这些不同组学方法的整合极大地推进了单细胞多组学测序技术的发展。这种创新方法在生物研究和医学研究等各个领域具有巨大的潜力。最后，我们讨论了使用单细胞测序探索肿瘤微环境的优点和缺点。