Wastewater containing organic pollutants, such as dyes, antibiotics or pesticides, is a major environmental problem. Photocatalysis is an effective, environmentally friendly and economically viable method for degrading hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater. Among the heterojunction systems, the ternary heterojunction system is the most effective system due to its higher electron transfer, excellent redox capacity and light-harvesting ability, which are advantageous in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Carbon dots (CDs) are often used as a component in ternary heterojunctions due to their strong absorption within the various regions of the solar spectrum, tunable band structure and up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties. The optical properties of CDs-based ternary heterojunctions enable faster migration of multiple carriers, effective utilization of sunlight and a shorter migration pathway which enhances the organic pollutant photodegradation efficiency. A profound understanding of the synergistic effects between CDs and semiconductors in ternary heterojunction systems as photocatalysts for organic pollutants degradation is essential for future development. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent advances of CDs derived from various precursors and their utilization in ternary heterojunction photocatalysts. Furthermore, we conduct a critical analysis on the synergistic effect between CDs and semiconductors for fabricating photocatalysts with optimal organic pollutant degradation performance. In addition, we elaborate on the charge transfer reaction mechanisms and several factors that influence the performance of CDs-based ternary heterojunctions. We also present research gaps in the use of CDs-based heterojunctions for organic pollutant degradation and state future perspectives and research areas. This review provides an insightful discussion on the development of CDs-based ternary heterojunctions for organic pollutant degradation.

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基于碳点的三元异质结增强光催化降解有机污染物性能的最新进展：综述

含有有机污染物（例如染料、抗生素或杀虫剂）的废水是一个主要的环境问题。光催化是一种有效、环保且经济可行的降解废水中有害有机污染物的方法。在异质结体系中，三元异质结体系因其较高的电子转移、优异的氧化还原能力和光捕获能力而成为最有效的体系，在光催化降解有机污染物方面具有优势。碳点（CD）因其在太阳光谱各个区域内的强吸收、可调谐能带结构和上转换光致发光（UCPL）特性而经常被用作三元异质结的组成部分。基于CD的三元异质结的光学特性使得多个载流子能够更快地迁移，有效利用阳光并缩短迁移路径，从而提高有机污染物的光降解效率。深刻理解三元异质结系统中碳点和半导体作为有机污染物降解光催化剂的协同效应对于未来的发展至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了源自各种前体的碳点及其在三元异质结光催化剂中的应用的最新进展。此外，我们对碳点和半导体之间的协同效应进行了批判性分析，以制造具有最佳有机污染物降解性能的光催化剂。此外，我们还详细阐述了电荷转移反应机制以及影响CDs基三元异质结性能的几个因素。我们还介绍了使用基于碳点的异质结降解有机污染物的研究空白，并阐述了未来的前景和研究领域。这篇综述对基于碳点的三元异质结用于有机污染物降解的发展进行了深入的讨论。