Antiresonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) have emerged as a groundbreaking fiber technology. However, an inherent tradeoff exists between birefringence, loss, and bandwidth in AR-HCF. Here we propose a crescent-shaped core AR-HCF that achieves significant birefringence through asymmetric shaping, without compromising loss or bandwidth characteristics. Simulation results show, at birefringence of 10 ⁻⁵ level, a confinement loss below 0.1 dB/km over 600 nm bandwidth can be achieved. Alternatively, at 10 ⁻⁴ level birefringence, a confinement loss below 1 dB/km over 300 nm bandwidth is viable. The crescent-shaped AR-HCF intrinsically offers the coveted combination of ultralow loss, wide bandwidth, and high birefringence that has eluded previous approaches. It holds the promise of enabling polarization maintaining light transmission across long fiber length and wide bandwidths, paving the way for versatile applications in nonlinear optics, interferometric sensing, and coherent communications that hope to capitalize on the advantages offered by hollow core guidance.

中文翻译：

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月牙形抗谐振空心光纤

反谐振空心光纤（AR-HCF）已成为一项突破性的光纤技术。然而，AR-HCF 中的双折射、损耗和带宽之间存在固有的权衡。在这里，我们提出了一种新月形纤芯 AR-HCF，它通过不对称成形实现显着的双折射，而不影响损耗或带宽特性。仿真结果表明，在10 ^-5级的双折射下，可以在600 nm 带宽上实现低于0.1 dB/km 的限制损耗。或者，在10 ^-4级双折射下，在300 nm带宽上低于1 dB/km的限制损耗是可行的。新月形 AR-HCF 本质上提供了超低损耗、宽带宽和高双折射的令人垂涎的组合，这是以前的方法所无法实现的。它有望在长光纤长度和宽带宽上实现保偏光传输，为非线性光学、干涉传感和相干通信中的多种应用铺平道路，这些应用希望利用空芯引导提供的优势。