Environmental pollution caused by petrochemical hydrocarbons (HC) and plastic waste is a pressing global challenge. However, there is a promising solution in the form of bacteria that possess the ability to degrade HC, making them valuable tools for remediating contaminated environments and effluents. Moreover, some of these bacteria offer far-reaching potential beyond bioremediation, as they can also be utilized to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a common type of bioplastics. The accumulation of PHAs in bacterial cells is facilitated in environments with high C/N or C/P ratio, which are often found in HC-contaminated environments and effluents. Consequently, some HC-degrading bacteria can be employed to simultaneously produce PHAs and conduct biodegradation processes. Although bacterial bioplastic production has been thoroughly studied, production costs are still too high compared to petroleum-derived plastics. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent scientific advancements concerning the capacity of HC-degrading bacteria to produce PHAs. It will delve into the microbial strains involved and the types of bioplastics generated, as well as the primary pathways for HC biodegradation and PHAs production. In essence, we propose the potential utilization of HC-degrading bacteria as a versatile tool to tackle two major environmental challenges: HC pollution and the accumulation of plastic waste. Through a comprehensive analysis of strengths and weaknesses in this aspect, this review aims to pave the way for future research in this area, with the goal of facilitating and promoting investigation in a field where obtaining PHAs from HC remains a costly and challenging process.

石化碳氢化合物（HC）和塑料废物造成的环境污染是一个紧迫的全球挑战。然而，细菌是一种很有前途的解决方案，它具有降解碳氢化合物的能力，使其成为修复受污染环境和废水的宝贵工具。此外，其中一些细菌除了生物修复之外还具有深远的潜力，因为它们还可以用来生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA），这是一种常见的生物塑料。高 C/N 或 C/P 比的环境有利于细菌细胞中 PHA 的积累，这种情况常见于 HC 污染的环境和废水中。因此，一些 HC 降解细菌可用于同时生产 PHA 并进行生物降解过程。尽管细菌生物塑料的生产已得到深入研究，但与石油衍生塑料相比，生产成本仍然太高。本文旨在全面回顾有关 HC 降解细菌生产 PHA 能力的最新科学进展。它将深入研究所涉及的微生物菌株和生成的生物塑料的类型，以及 HC 生物降解和 PHA 生产的主要途径。本质上，我们提出将碳氢化合物降解细菌作为一种多功能工具来解决两个主要的环境挑战：碳氢化合物污染和塑料废物的积累。通过全面分析这方面的优势和劣势，本综述旨在为该领域的未来研究铺平道路，目标是促进和促进从 HC 获取 PHA 仍然是一个昂贵且具有挑战性的过程的领域的研究。