While floods represent the most damaging hazard in France, this study focuses on flooding exposure and the spatial distribution of poverty and home ownership in French cities. Based on the combination of high-resolution topographic and socio-demographic data with flood-risk maps, this study highlights the extensive flooding exposure of French cities, with approximately 2.5 million residents exposed in the designated high-risk territories. Using multilevel regression models, it appears that non-owners and, to a much lesser extent, poor people, are over-represented in flood-risk areas, controlling for demographic and urban structure. Significant spatial variations in the relationship between flooding exposure, non-ownership and poverty are also brought to light, confirming the major role played by local urban contexts in the existence of socio-environmental inequalities.

中文翻译：

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洪水和不平等：对法国城市洪水和贫困风险的多层次分析

虽然洪水是法国最具破坏性的灾害，但本研究重点关注法国城市的洪水暴露以及贫困和住房所有权的空间分布。这项研究基于高分辨率地形和社会人口数据与洪水风险地图的结合，突出显示了法国城市广泛的洪水风险，在指定的高风险地区约有 250 万居民遭受洪水风险。使用多级回归模型，在控制人口和城市结构的情况下，在洪水风险地区，非业主和（在较小程度上）贫困人口的比例似乎过高。洪水暴露、非所有权和贫困之间关系的显着空间变化也被揭示出来，证实了当地城市环境在社会环境不平等存在中发挥的主要作用。