Postural control (PC) disturbances in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with its severity. Varied sensorimotor interventions have been used for the management of these symptoms. However, there is a lack of a review elucidating all the available postural control interventions in ASD. To comprehensively present the variety of interventions targeted at improving PC in ASD and to provide future research recommendations. PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases were searched for publications examining the effects of PC targeting interventions in those with ASD. Included articles were in English, published after 2000 in the peer-reviewed journals with full text available and used intervention targeted at improving PC or balance with a predefined objective outcome measure for accessing PC or balance. Initial database search yielded 1022 studies and 21 articles were included in this review after screening. We identified diverse PC interventions including animal assisted therapies, karate/martial arts, aquatic exercises, virtual reality-based training, standard and customized exercises, and physical activity programs. The effect of long- and short-term interventions on PC improvement in children and adults with ASD is mixed. Future research should focus on undertaking randomized controlled trials with large sample size and participants with varying severity of ASD to improve generalizability of the study findings. The lack of population-specific, reliable, and validated motor outcome measures including neuro-imaging techniques should be addressed. While many of the interventions improved PC in those with ASD, the sample size and methodological quality of the studies was highly variable. There are limited studies exploring the long-term effects of the interventions. Rigorous study methods with population-specific objective outcome measures are warranted to draw generalizable conclusions regarding the PC interventions in individuals with ASD.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的姿势平衡控制干预措施：系统评价

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的姿势控制 (PC) 障碍与其严重程度相关。各种感觉运动干预措施已用于治疗这些症状。然而，缺乏阐明 ASD 中所有可用的姿势控制干预措施的综述。全面介绍旨在改善 ASD 患者 PC 的各种干预措施，并提供未来的研究建议。检索了 PubMed、SCOPUS、Embase、Cochrane、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science 数据库，以查找研究 PC 针对 ASD 患者的干预效果的出版物。纳入的文章为英文，于 2000 年之后发表在同行评审期刊上，并提供全文，并使用旨在改善 PC 或平衡的干预措施，并通过针对访问 PC 或平衡的预定义客观结果测量。最初的数据库搜索产生了 1022 项研究，筛选后有 21 篇文章纳入本综述。我们确定了多种 PC 干预措施，包括动物辅助疗法、空手道/武术、水上运动、基于虚拟现实的训练、标准和定制练习以及体育活动计划。长期和短期干预措施对自闭症儿童和成人 PC 改善的影响是混合的。未来的研究应侧重于进行大样本量和患有不同严重程度自闭症谱系障碍的参与者的随机对照试验，以提高研究结果的普遍性。应解决缺乏针对特定人群的、可靠且经过验证的运动结果测量（包括神经影像技术）的问题。虽然许多干预措施改善了 ASD 患者的 PC，但研究的样本量和方法学质量差异很大。探索干预措施的长期影响的研究有限。需要采用针对特定人群的客观结果测量的严格研究方法，才能得出有关 ASD 个体 PC 干预的普遍结论。