Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an extensively distributed neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS), was initially detected and isolated from the brain of a pig in 1982. By binding to its G protein-coupled receptors, NPY regulates immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. The hippocampus contained the maximum concentration in the CNS, with the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum following suit. This arrangement suggests that the substance has a specific function within the CNS. More and more studies have shown that NPY is involved in the physiological and pathological mechanism of stroke, and its serum concentration can be one of the specific biomarkers of stroke and related complications because of its high activity, broad and complex effects. By summarizing relevant literature, this article aims to gain a thorough understanding of the potential clinical applications of NPY in the treatment of stroke, identification of stroke and its related complications, and assessment of prognosis.

中文翻译：

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NPY信号通路在脑卒中诊断、预后和治疗中的作用

神经肽 Y (NPY) 是一种广泛分布在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 内的神经递质，最初于 1982 年从猪脑中检测到并分离出来。通过与其 G 蛋白偶联受体结合，NPY 调节免疫反应并有助于许多炎症性疾病的发病机制。中枢神经系统中海马体的浓度最高，其次是大脑皮层、下丘脑、丘脑、脑干和小脑。这种排列表明该物质在中枢神经系统内具有特定的功能。越来越多的研究表明，NPY参与脑卒中的生理和病理机制，其血清浓度因其活性高、作用广泛且复杂，可作为脑卒中及相关并发症的特异性生物标志物之一。本文旨在通过总结相关文献，深入了解NPY在脑卒中治疗、脑卒中及其相关并发症的识别以及预后评估方面的潜在临床应用。