Infectious diseases in farm animals triggered by pathogenic microorganisms affect the health and well-being of livestock and human populations. Pathogen detection is an important step for the successful diagnosis, treatment and control of infectious diseases in animals. Pathogens that persist in the poultry and livestock industries can be responsible for more than 70% of emerging infections. Thus, rapid diagnostic tools are extremely important. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a great opportunity to tackle this challenge and to develop fast, accurate and economical diagnostics for the detection of pathogens. Various nanostructures, due to the presence of unique characteristics shown in nanomaterials, have already been applied in biodiagnostics to detect specific molecular targets, including pathogen detection. In this context, this review focuses on the application, role and challenges of nanosensors in detecting disease-causing pathogens in agriculture. Several nanostructures are investigated for their utility in providing innovative solutions for pathogen detection in farm animals. This comprehensive examination seeks to unravel the intricate nanosensors landscape, shedding some light on their role in advancing diagnostic capabilities within the agricultural domain. By elucidating the challenges inherent in their application, the review contributes to the ongoing discourse on harnessing nanotechnology for the detection and management of infectious diseases in livestock, ultimately paving the way for developments in veterinary diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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用于动物传染病检测的纳米传感器

由病原微生物引发的农场动物传染病影响牲畜和人类的健康和福祉。病原检测是成功诊断、治疗和控制动物传染病的重要一步。 70% 以上的新发感染是由在家禽和畜牧业中持续存在的病原体造成的。因此，快速诊断工具极其重要。近年来，纳米技术成为应对这一挑战并开发快速、准确和经济的病原体检测诊断方法的绝佳机会。由于纳米材料所表现出的独特特性，各种纳米结构已被应用于生物诊断中以检测特定的分子靶标，包括病原体检测。在此背景下，本综述重点关注纳米传感器在农业致病病原体检测中的应用、作用和挑战。研究了几种纳米结构在为农场动物病原体检测提供创新解决方案方面的效用。这项全面的检查旨在揭开复杂的纳米传感器的面纱，阐明它们在提高农业领域诊断能力方面的作用。通过阐明其应用中固有的挑战，该综述有助于当前关于利用纳米技术检测和管理牲畜传染病的讨论，最终为兽医诊断的发展铺平道路。