The geochemistry of sphalerite from seven metallic ore deposits in the Hwanggangri mineralized district in South Korea was studied, with a special focus on the concentrations of In and Ga. The chemical compositions were analyzed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy and compared based on deposit type (skarn and hydrothermal vein) and ore species (W, Mo, Zn–Pb, and W–Zn–Pb). In hydrothermal W and W–Zn–Pb vein deposits, In was highly concentrated, with averages of up to 696 ppm, whereas Mo and Zn–Pb skarn deposits produced low concentrations below 43 ppm on average. In contrast, the Ga concentrations were quite low throughout the deposits and did not exceed 16 ppm on average. Indium showed a clear positive correlation with Cu and was strongly associated with the development of chalcopyrite-disease, with Ag and Sn potentially playing subordinate roles in the substitution. The binary correlations between trace elements suggested that principal coupled substitutions, such as 3Zn ↔ 2(Cu, Ag) + Sn and 2Zn ↔ Cu + In, prevailed in In-bearing sphalerite. A discernable weak positive correlation is observed between In and Cd, mostly in the W-bearing deposits, implying that Cd, a common constituent in sphalerite, could be used as an exploration proxy in some cases. The general tendency of high In and low Ga concentrations in the sphalerites from the Hwanggangri mineralized district indicates relatively high temperature of mineralizing fluids, generally above 250 °C, which favored the prevalence of In-chloride complexes over Ga-hydroxide complexes. Additionally, the In enrichment in the hydrothermal vein ores rather than the skarn ores emphasizes the importance of the direct contribution of magmatic fluids to ore mineralization under high temperature conditions with little influence from the host rock.

中文翻译：

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韩国黄冈里矿化区夕卡岩和热液脉矿床闪锌矿中铟和镓的分布

对韩国 Hwanggangri 矿化区七个金属矿床的闪锌矿地球化学进行了研究，特别关注 In 和 Ga 的浓度。使用激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对化学成分进行了分析，并根据矿床类型（矽卡岩和热液脉）和矿石种类（W、Mo、Zn-Pb 和 W-Zn-Pb）。在热液 W 和 W-Zn-Pb 脉矿床中，In 浓度很高，平均高达 696 ppm，而 Mo 和 Zn-Pb 矽卡岩矿床的平均浓度较低，低于 43 ppm。相比之下，整个沉积物中的 Ga 浓度相当低，平均不超过 16 ppm。铟与铜表现出明显的正相关性，并且与黄铜矿病的发生密切相关，而银和锡在替代中可能发挥次要作用。微量元素之间的二元相关性表明，含 In 闪锌矿中主要存在耦合取代，例如 3Zn ↔ 2(Cu, Ag) + Sn 和 2Zn ↔ Cu + In。在 In 和 Cd 之间观察到明显的弱正相关性，主要是在含 W 矿床中，这意味着 Cd（闪锌矿中的常见成分）在某些情况下可以用作勘探代理。Hwanggangri 矿化区闪锌矿中 In 浓度高、Ga 浓度低的总体趋势表明成矿流体温度相对较高，一般在 250 °C 以上，这有利于 In 氯化物络合物的存在，而不是 Ga 氢氧化物络合物的存在。此外，热液脉矿石而不是夕卡岩矿石中的In富集强调了高温条件下岩浆流体对矿石成矿作用的直接贡献的重要性，而受母岩影响很小。