Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), third-generation brominated flame retardants (BRFs), has aroused worldwide concern because of its wide application and potentially negative impacts on marine ecosystems, but an information gap still exists regarding marine low-trophic organisms. , the model marine zooplankton, was used in the present study, and its reproductive responses were used as the endpoint to indicate HBCD-induced toxicity. HBCD was suggested to be extremely highly toxic compounds regarding the 96 h-LC of 0.58 mg . The sublethal exposure of HBCD injured the reproduction of : The total number of offspring per female and the key population index calculated from the life table, including the intrinsic rate of population increase () and net reproductive rate (), were significantly influenced in a concentration-dependent manner. The reproductive process was also altered, as indicated by the first spawning time, first hatching time and oocyst development time. At the same time, individual survival and growth (body length) were also negatively affected by HBCD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were suggested to be responsible for reproductive toxicity mainly because the total ROS contents as well as the main components of •OH and HO greatly increased and resulted in the oxidative imbalance that presented as malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation. Simultaneous activation of the glutathione antioxidant system was accompanied by the apoptosis marker enzymes Caspase-3 and 9, as well as the correlation between ROS content, physiological alteration and cell apoptosis, providing further evidence for this. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) showed that HBCD had a significant toxic effect on near the concentration range of 96 h-LC. The establishment of this concentration range will provide a reliable reference for future environmental concentration warning of HBCD in marine.

中文翻译：

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六溴环十二烷引起的褶皱臂尾轮虫生殖毒性：影响和评估

六溴环十二烷（HBCD）作为第三代溴化阻燃剂（BRF），因其广泛的应用和对海洋生态系统的潜在负面影响而引起了全世界的关注，但有关海洋低营养生物的信息仍然存在差距。本研究中使用的是海洋浮游动物模型，其生殖反应被用作指示六溴环十二烷引起的毒性的终点。就 96 h-LC 为 0.58 mg 而言，六溴环十二烷 (HBCD) 被认为是毒性极高的化合物。六溴环十二烷的亚致死暴露损害了生殖：在一定浓度下，每只雌性的后代总数和根据生命表计算的关键种群指数，包括种群内在增长率（）和净繁殖率（）受到显着影响依赖方式。生殖过程也发生了改变，如首次产卵时间、首次孵化时间和卵囊发育时间所示。同时，个体的生存和生长（体长）也受到六溴环十二烷的负面影响。活性氧（ROS）被认为是造成生殖毒性的主要原因，因为总ROS含量以及主要成分·OH和H2O大幅增加，导致氧化失衡，表现为丙二醛（MDA）升高。谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统的同时激活伴随着凋亡标志酶Caspase-3和9，以及ROS含量、生理改变和细胞凋亡之间的相关性，为这一点提供了进一步的证据。综合生物标志物反应（IBR）和不良结果途径（AOP）表明，HBCD在96 h-LC浓度范围附近具有显着的毒性作用。该浓度范围的建立将为今后海洋中HBCD环境浓度预警提供可靠的参考。