Cyanobacteria cell lysates release numerous toxic substances (e.g., cyanotoxins) into the water, posing a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Microcystins (MCs) are among the most abundant cyanotoxins in the cell lysates, with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) being one of the most common and highly toxic congeners. In this study, zebrafish () were exposed to different levels MC-LR that from extracts of . Changes in the MC-LR accumulations, organ coefficients, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the zebrafish were analyzed. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of MC-LR in the maternal and paternal generations was further investigated, as well as the influences of extracts containing MC-LR exposures of the F1 on the growth of zebrafish. The study found that high levels of MC-LR could be detected in the major organs of adult zebrafish, particularly in spleen. Notably, concentration of MC-LR in the spermary was significantly higher than that in the ovarium. MC-LR could induce oxidative damage by affecting the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inherited from F0, MC-LR led to impaired development in the F1 generation. Difference in offspring survival rates could be observed in the groups with different MC-LR levels of maternal and paternal exposures. This study reveals transgenerational effects of MC-LR on the reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition to the aquatic organisms, which should be emphasized in the future ecological risk assessment.

中文翻译：

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含有微囊藻毒素-LR 的提取物暴露对模型生物斑马鱼生殖毒性和后代生长抑制的跨代影响

蓝藻细胞裂解物向水中释放大量有毒物质（例如蓝藻毒素），对人类健康和水生生态系统构成严重威胁。微囊藻毒素 (MC) 是细胞裂解物中最丰富的蓝藻毒素之一，其中微囊藻毒素-LR (MC-LR) 是最常见且毒性最强的同系物之一。在这项研究中，斑马鱼 () 暴露于不同水平的 MC-LR 提取物中。分析了斑马鱼 MC-LR 积累、器官系数和抗氧化酶活性的变化。进一步研究了 MC-LR 在母代和父代中的跨代生殖毒性，以及 F1 暴露的含有 MC-LR 的提取物对斑马鱼生长的影响。研究发现，在成年斑马鱼的主要器官中，尤其是脾脏中，可以检测到高水平的 MC-LR。值得注意的是，MC-LR在睾丸中的浓度显着高于卵巢中的浓度。MC-LR可以通过影响过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性来诱导氧化损伤。MC-LR 继承自 F0，导致 F1 代发育受损。在母亲和父亲暴露的 MC-LR 水平不同的组中，可以观察到后代存活率的差异。本研究揭示了MC-LR对水生生物的生殖毒性和子代生长抑制的跨代效应，是未来生态风险评估中应重点关注的问题。