: Esophageal cancer is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in non-coding regions of the genome have emerged as crucial contributors to esophageal cancer susceptibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of SNPs in non-coding regions and their association with esophageal cancer. The accumulation of SNPs in the genome has been implicated in esophageal cancer risk. Various studies have identified specific locations in the genome where SNPs are more likely to occur, suggesting a location-specific response. Chromatin conformational studies have shed light on the localization of SNPs and their impact on gene transcription, posttranscriptional modifications, gene expression regulation, and histone modification. Furthermore, miRNA-related SNPs have been found to play a significant role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC]. These SNPs can affect miRNA binding sites, thereby altering target gene regulation and contributing to ESCC development. Additionally, the risk of ESCC has been linked to base excision repair, suggesting that SNPs in this pathway may influence disease susceptibility. Somatic DNA segment alterations and modified expression quantitative trait loci [eQTL] have also been associated with ESCC. These alterations can lead to disrupted gene expression and cellular processes, ultimately contributing to cancer development and progression. Moreover, SNPs have been found to be associated with the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR, which plays a crucial role in ESCC pathogenesis. This review concludes with a discussion of the current and future perspectives in the field of SNPs in non-coding regions and their relevance to esophageal cancer. Understanding the functional implications of these SNPs may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of personalized approaches for esophageal cancer prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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暗中的单核苷酸多态性 [SNP]：揭示其在食管癌非编码区域中的功能

: 食管癌是一种受遗传和环境因素影响的复杂疾病。基因组非编码区域的单核苷酸多态性 [SNP] 已成为食管癌易感性的关键因素。本综述全面概述了非编码区中 SNP 的作用及其与食管癌的关联。基因组中 SNP 的积累与食道癌风险有关。各种研究已经确定了基因组中 SNP 更有可能出现的特定位置，这表明存在位置特异性反应。染色质构象研究揭示了 SNP 的定位及其对基因转录、转录后修饰、基因表达调控和组蛋白修饰的影响。此外，已发现 miRNA 相关的 SNP 在食管鳞状细胞癌 [ESCC] 中发挥重要作用。这些 SNP 可以影响 miRNA 结合位点，从而改变靶基因调控并促进 ESCC 的发展。此外，ESCC 的风险与碱基切除修复有关，表明该途径中的 SNP 可能会影响疾病的易感性。体细胞 DNA 片段改变和修饰的表达数量性状位点 [eQTL] 也与 ESCC 相关。这些改变可能导致基因表达和细胞过程中断，最终导致癌症的发生和进展。此外，SNP 被发现与长链非编码 RNA HOTAIR 相关，后者在 ESCC 发病机制中发挥着至关重要的作用。本综述最后讨论了非编码区 SNP 领域的当前和未来前景及其与食管癌的相关性。了解这些 SNP 的功能意义可能有助于识别新的治疗靶点并开发食管癌预防和治疗的个性化方法。