Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a complex and diverse immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an essential component of the tumor immune microenvironment. TAMs typically exist in two primary states: anti-tumor M1 macrophages and pro-tumor M2 macrophages. Remarkably, TAMs possess high plasticity, enabling them to switch between different subtypes or alter their biological functions in response to the tumor microenvironment. Based on research into the biological role of TAMs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, including HCC, TAMs are emerging as promising targets for novel tumor treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the origin and subtypes of TAMs, elucidate their interactions with other cells in the complex tumor microenvironment of HCC, and describe the biological roles, characteristics, and mechanisms of TAMs in the progression of HCC. Furthermore, we furnish an overview of the latest therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs.

中文翻译：

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巨噬细胞作为肝细胞癌治疗的靶点

肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种具有复杂多样的免疫抑制微环境的恶性肿瘤。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）是肿瘤免疫微环境的重要组成部分。 TAM 通常以两种主要状态存在：抗肿瘤 M1 巨噬细胞和促肿瘤 M2 巨噬细胞。值得注意的是，TAM 具有高度可塑性，使它们能够在不同亚型之间切换或改变其生物学功能以响应肿瘤微环境。基于对 TAM 在包括 HCC 在内的恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的生物学作用的研究，TAM 正在成为新型肿瘤治疗策略的有希望的靶点。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了TAMs的起源和亚型，阐明了它们在HCC复杂的肿瘤微环境中与其他细胞的相互作用，并描述了TAMs在HCC进展中的生物学作用、特征和机制。此外，我们还概述了针对 TAM 的最新治疗策略。