Many researchers have explored the potential association between one neurosurgical disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but few systematically analyzed the association and causality between COVID-19 and various neurosurgical diseases. A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal association between COVID-19 (including critically ill COVID‐19, hospitalized COVID‐19, and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection) and 30 neurosurgical diseases within European populations. The consequences of inverse variance weighted models suggest that genetic susceptibility of critically ill COVID-19 may increase the risk of cerebral infarction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; p‐value = 0.006), genetic susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase the risk of stroke (OR = 1.02; p‐value = 0.047), and conversely, genetic susceptibility of hospitalized COVID-19 may reduce the risk of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma (OR = 0.90; p‐value = 0.032). In addition, evidences revealed potential associations between genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 and spinal stenosis (OR = 1.03; p‐value = 0.028), diffuse brain injury (OR = 1.21; p‐value = 0.040) and focal brain injury (OR = 1.12; p‐value = 0.040). By testing for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, the above causal conclusions are robust. In summary, our analysis shows that COVID-19 has an independent and powerful causal influence on multiple neurosurgical disorders.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 与神经外科疾病风险的因果关系：孟德尔随机研究

许多研究人员探索了一种神经外科疾病与 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 之间的潜在关联，但很少有人系统分析 COVID-19 与各种神经外科疾病之间的关联和因果关系。进行了孟德尔随机化分析，以评估欧洲人群中的 COVID-19（包括重症 COVID-19、住院的 COVID-19 和呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染）与 30 种神经外科疾病之间的因果关系。反方差加权模型的结果表明，重症COVID-19的遗传易感性可能会增加脑梗塞的风险（比值比[OR] = 1.02；p值= 0.006），SARS-CoV-2感染的遗传易感性可能会增加脑梗塞的风险。增加中风风险（OR = 1.02；p 值 = 0.047），相反，住院 COVID-19 的遗传易感性可能会降低垂体腺瘤和颅咽管瘤的风险（OR = 0.90；p 值 = 0.032）。此外，有证据表明，COVID-19 的遗传易感性与椎管狭窄（OR = 1.03；p 值 = 0.028）、弥漫性脑损伤（OR = 1.21；p 值 = 0.040）和局灶性脑损伤（OR = 1.12；p 值 = 0.040）。通过异质性和多效性检验，上述因果结论是稳健的。总之，我们的分析表明，COVID-19 对多种神经外科疾病具有独立且强大的因果影响。