Indoxacarb has been widely utilized in agricultural pest management, posing a significant ecological threat to , a non-target economic insect. In the present study, short-term exposure to low concentration of indoxacarb significantly suppressed the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, and resulted in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut of . While, the ATP content exhibited a declining trend but there was no significant change. Moreover, indoxacarb also significantly altered the transcription levels of six autophagy-related genes, and the transcription levels of , and were significantly up-regulated by 2.56-, 1.90-, and 3.36-fold, respectively. The protein levels of ATG8-I and ATG8-II and MDC-stained frozen sections further suggested an increase in autophagy. Furthermore, the protein level and enzyme activity of CASP4 showed a significant increase in accordance with the transcription levels of apoptosis-related genes, indicating the activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the induction of apoptosis signals in the midgut cells triggered by indoxacarb was confirmed through TUNEL staining. These findings suggest that indoxacarb can promote the accumulation of ROS by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, thereby inducing autophagy and apoptosis in the midgut cells of .

中文翻译：

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茚虫威通过家蚕中肠氧化磷酸化介导的ROS积累触发自噬和细胞凋亡

茚虫威已广泛用于农业害虫防治，对非靶标经济昆虫茚虫威构成重大生态威胁。在本研究中，短期暴露于低浓度茚虫威显着抑制了氧化磷酸化途径，并导致中肠中活性氧（ROS）的积累。而ATP含量则呈现下降趋势，但没有明显变化。此外，茚虫威还显着改变了6个自噬相关基因的转录水平，并且 、 和 的转录水平分别显着上调2.56倍、1.90倍和3.36倍。 ATG8-I 和 ATG8-II 的蛋白水平以及 MDC 染色的冰冻切片进一步表明自噬增加。此外，CASP4的蛋白水平和酶活性随着凋亡相关基因的转录水平显着增加，表明凋亡信号通路的激活。同时，通过TUNEL染色证实茚虫威诱导中肠细胞凋亡信号。这些发现表明茚虫威可以通过抑制氧化磷酸化途径促进ROS的积累，从而诱导中肠细胞自噬和凋亡。