Drug resistance is the major determinant for metastatic disease and fatalities, across all cancers. Depending on the tissue of origin and the therapeutic course, a variety of biological mechanisms can support and sustain drug resistance. While genetic mutations and gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms are major culprits in targeted therapy, drug efflux and polyploidization are more global mechanisms that prevail in a broad range of pathologies, in response to a variety of treatments. There is an unmet need to identify patients at risk for polyploidy, understand the mechanisms underlying polyploidization, and to develop strategies to predict, limit, and reverse polyploidy thus enhancing efficacy of standard of care therapy that improve better outcomes. This literature review provides an overview of polyploidy in cancer and offers perspective on patient monitoring and actionable therapy.

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癌症中的多倍体：因果机制、癌症特异性后果和新兴治疗方法

在所有癌症中，耐药性是转移性疾病和死亡的主要决定因素。根据起源组织和治疗过程，多种生物机制可以支持和维持耐药性。虽然基因突变和通过表观遗传机制的基因沉默是靶向治疗的罪魁祸首，但药物外流和多倍体化是更普遍的机制，在广泛的病理学中普遍存在，以响应各种治疗。识别有多倍体风险的患者，了解多倍体化的机制，并制定预测、限制和逆转多倍体的策略，从而提高标准护理治疗的功效，从而改善更好的结果，这一需求尚未得到满足。本文献综述概述了癌症中的多倍体，并提供了患者监测和可行治疗的观点。