Periodic bioinformatics-based screening of wastewater for assessing the diversity of potential human viral pathogens circulating in a given community may help to identify novel or potentially emerging infectious diseases. Any identified contigs related to novel or emerging viruses should be confirmed with targeted wastewater and clinical testing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, untreated wastewater samples were collected for a 1-year period from the Great Lakes Water Authority Wastewater Treatment Facility in Detroit, MI, USA, and viral population diversity from both centralized interceptor sites and localized neighborhood sewersheds was investigated. Clinical cases of the diseases caused by human viruses were tabulated and compared with data from viral wastewater monitoring. In addition to Betacoronavirus, comparison using assembled contigs against a custom Swiss-Prot human virus database indicated the potential prevalence of other pathogenic virus genera, including: Orthopoxvirus, Rhadinovirus, Parapoxvirus, Varicellovirus, Hepatovirus, Simplexvirus, Bocaparvovirus, Molluscipoxvirus, Parechovirus, Roseolovirus, Lymphocryptovirus, Alphavirus, Spumavirus, Lentivirus, Deltaretrovirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus, Gammaretrovirus, Cardiovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Salivirus, Rubivirus, Orthohepevirus, Cytomegalovirus, Norovirus, and Mamastrovirus. Four nearly complete genomes were recovered from the Astrovirus, Enterovirus, Norovirus and Betapolyomavirus genera and viral species were identified. The presented findings in wastewater samples are primarily at the genus level and can serve as a preliminary “screening” tool that may serve as indication to initiate further testing for the confirmation of the presence of species that may be associated with human disease. Integrating innovative environmental microbiology technologies like metagenomic sequencing with viral epidemiology offers a significant opportunity to improve the monitoring of, and predictive intelligence for, pathogenic viruses, using wastewater.

中文翻译：

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在密歇根州底特律大都市地区对病毒相关疾病进行广泛的废水筛查和临床数据监测

定期对废水进行基于生物信息学的筛查，以评估在特定社区中循环的潜在人类病毒病原体的多样性，可能有助于识别新型或潜在新出现的传染病。任何已识别的与新型或新出现的病毒相关的重叠群都应通过有针对性的废水和临床测试进行确认。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，从美国密歇根州底特律五大湖水务局废水处理设施收集了为期一年的未经处理的废水样本，并对集中拦截点和局部社区下水道的病毒种群多样性进行了调查。将人类病毒引起的疾病的临床病例制成表格，并与病毒废水监测数据进行比较。除了 Betacoronavirus 之外，使用组装的重叠群与定制的 Swiss-Prot 人类病毒数据库进行比较表明其他致病病毒属的潜在流行，包括：正痘病毒、鼻病毒、副痘病毒、水痘病毒、肝病毒、单纯病毒、博卡细小病毒、软体动物痘病毒、副肠病毒、玫瑰病毒、淋巴隐病毒、甲病毒、泡沫病毒、慢病毒、Delta逆转录病毒、肠道病毒、科布病毒、γ逆转录病毒、心脏病毒、红细小病毒、唾液病毒、风疹病毒、正肝炎病毒、巨细胞病毒、诺如病毒和乳腺病毒。从星状病毒、肠道病毒、诺如病毒和β多瘤病毒属中恢复了四种几乎完整的基因组，并鉴定了病毒种类。废水样本中的发现主要是在属水平上，可以作为初步“筛选”工具，可以作为启动进一步测试以确认可能与人类疾病相关的物种存在的指示。将宏基因组测序等创新环境微生物学技术与病毒流行病学相结合，为利用废水改善病原病毒的监测和预测情报提供了重要机会。