Pachyzoidae is a little-known family of deep-sea ctenostome Bryozoa that until now was monospecific for Pachyzoon atlanticum. Originally described from the Atlantic Ocean, the genus was also found off southeastern New Caledonia in deep waters of the geological continent of Zealandia. Pachyzoon atlanticum forms globular to flat round colonies, living on soft, muddy to sandy bottoms with a few rhizoidal cystid appendages extending from the basal, substrate-oriented side. In this study, we investigate additional pachyzoids, collected between 1965 and 2015 from over 40 sites around New Zealand, by means of detailed morphological and histological investigations. In total, several hundred colonies were encountered in the NIWA Invertebrate Collection, comprising two new species of the genus Pachyzoon, P. grischenkoi sp. nov. and P. pulvinaris sp. nov., and the new genus and species Jeanloupia zealandica gen. et sp. nov.. The genus Jeanloupia is characterized by small disc-shaped colonies with highly elongated peristomes and a quadrangular aperture, distinct from the round apertures of the genus Pachyzoon. Pachyzoid species differ in colony structure and shape, apertural papillae and polypide features such as tentacle number or digestive-tract details. Cystid appendages are non-kenozooidal, but may originate from laterally flanking kenozooids. Based on published images, alleged P. atlanticum from New Caledonia is re-interpreted as P. pulvinaris n. sp.. Morphological characters support alcyonidioidean relationships, as previously suggested. First observations on pachyzoid reproduction show macrolecithal oocytes and brooding of embryos, which seems to be the general pattern for this family. The occurrence of three new Zealandian species in a comparatively small geographical area far from the Atlantic indicates a high possibility of more species to discovered.

中文翻译：

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深海栉口动物苔藓虫：对 Pachyzoidae 科的修订，并描述了西兰大陆的一个新属和三个新种

Pachyzoidae 是一个鲜为人知的深海栉口动物苔藓虫科，迄今为止，Pachyzoon atlanticum 是单一特异性的。该属最初是在大西洋中发现的，后来在新喀里多尼亚东南部西兰迪亚地质大陆的深水中也发现了该属。 Pachyzoon atlanticum 形成球状到扁平圆形的菌落，生活在柔软、泥质到沙质的底部，有一些假根囊状附属物从基部、面向基质的一侧延伸。在这项研究中，我们通过详细的形态学和组织学研究，调查了 1965 年至 2015 年间从新西兰各地 40 多个地点收集的其他厚肉动物。 NIWA 无脊椎动物保藏中心总共发现了数百个菌落，其中包括 Pachyzoon 属的两个新物种：P. grischenkoi sp。十一月和P. pulvinaris sp。 11月，以及新属和新种Jeanloupia zealandica gen。等Jeanloupia 属的特征是小圆盘状菌落，具有高度拉长的唇和四边形孔径，与 Pachyzoon 属的圆形孔径不同。厚实物种在菌落结构和形状、有孔乳头和息肉特征（例如触手数量或消化道细节）方面有所不同。囊虫附属物是非龟类动物，但可能起源于侧翼的龟类动物。根据已发布的图像，据称来自新喀里多尼亚的 P. atlanticum 被重新解释为 P. pulvinaris n. sp..形态特征支持alcyonidioidean关系，如前所述。对厚实生殖的首次观察显示有大卵母细胞和胚胎育雏，这似乎是该家族的一般模式。在远离大西洋的相对较小的地理区域中出现了三种新西兰物种，这表明发现更多物种的可能性很高。