Treatment intensification has improved survival in patients with hepatoblastoma (HB); however, these treatments are associated with an increased risk of late effects, including second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Data is limited regarding SMNs following HB treatment. Cases of SMNs following treatment for HB reported in the literature and from personal communication were analyzed to further assess this late effect. Thirty-eight patients were identified. The median age at diagnosis of HB was 16 months (range: 3 to 168 mo). All patients had received a platinum agent, and almost all had anthracycline exposure. The SMNs reported were hematopoietic malignancies (n=19), solid tumors (n=12), and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (n=7). Of the 36 patients with outcome data, 19 survived. SMNs following HB treatment were primarily seen in patients with chemotherapy exposure, a history of liver transplantation, hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes, and/or a history of radiation treatment. Hematopoietic malignancies were the most common SMN reported in this cohort and were diagnosed earlier than other SMNs. Prospective collection of data through a companion late effects study or international registry could be used to further evaluate the rates and risks of SMNs as well as tumor predisposition syndromes in patients treated for HB.

中文翻译：

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肝母细胞瘤治疗后的第二个恶性肿瘤：国际报告和文献综述。

强化治疗提高了肝母细胞瘤 (HB) 患者的生存率；然而，这些治疗会增加晚期效应的风险，包括第二恶性肿瘤（SMN）。关于 HB 治疗后 SMN 的数据有限。对文献和个人交流中报告的 HB 治疗后出现 SMN 的病例进行了分析，以进一步评估这种后期效应。已确定 38 名患者。诊断 HB 时的中位年龄为 16 个月（范围：3 至 168 个月）。所有患者均接受过铂类药物治疗，并且几乎所有患者都曾接触过蒽环类药物。报告的 SMN 包括造血系统恶性肿瘤 (n=19)、实体瘤 (n=12) 和移植后淋巴组织增生性疾病 (n=7)。在 36 名有结果数据的患者中，19 名幸存。 HB 治疗后的 SMN 主要见于有化疗暴露、肝移植史、遗传性肿瘤易感综合征和/或放射治疗史的患者。造血系统恶性肿瘤是该队列中最常见的 SMN，并且比其他 SMN 更早被诊断出来。通过伴随的迟发效应研究或国际登记前瞻性收集数据可用于进一步评估接受 HB 治疗的患者中 SMN 以及肿瘤易感综合征的发生率和风险。