Optical microscopy is indispensable to biomedical research and clinical investigations. As all molecules absorb light, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is an important tool to image molecules at high resolution without labeling. However, due to tissue-induced optical aberration, the imaging quality degrades with increasing imaging depth. To mitigate this effect, we develop an imaging method, called acoustic-feedback wavefront-adapted PAM (AWA-PAM), to dynamically compensate for tissue-induced aberration at depths. In contrast to most existing adaptive optics assisted optical microscopy, AWA-PAM employs acoustic signals rather than optical signals to indirectly determine the optimized wavefront. To demonstrate this technique, we imaged zebrafish embryos and mouse ears in vivo. Experimental results show that compensating for tissue-induced aberration in live tissue effectively improves both signal strength and lateral resolution. With this capability, AWA-PAM reveals fine structures, such as spinal cords and microvessels, that were otherwise unidentifiable using conventional PAM. We anticipate that AWA-PAM will benefit the in vivo imaging community and become an important tool for label-free optical imaging in the quasi-ballistic regime.

中文翻译：

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声反馈波前适应光声显微镜

光学显微镜对于生物医学研究和临床研究是不可或缺的。由于所有分子都会吸收光，因此光学分辨率光声显微镜 (PAM) 是无需标记即可对分子进行高分辨率成像的重要工具。然而，由于组织引起的光学像差，成像质量随着成像深度的增加而降低。为了减轻这种影响，我们开发了一种成像方法，称为声反馈波前自适应 PAM (AWA-PAM)，以动态补偿组织引起的深度像差。与大多数现有的自适应光学辅助光学显微镜相比，AWA-PAM 采用声信号而不是光信号来间接确定优化的波前。为了演示这项技术，我们对斑马鱼胚胎和小鼠耳朵进行了体内成像。实验结果表明，补偿活体组织中组织引起的像差可以有效提高信号强度和横向分辨率。凭借此功能，AWA-PAM 可以揭示使用传统 PAM 无法识别的精细结构，例如脊髓和微血管。我们预计 AWA-PAM 将有利于体内成像界，并成为准弹道体系中无标记光学成像的重要工具。