To address the problems of low efficacy and low microbial activity in low-temperature municipal wastewater treatment, this study utilized an air-lift micro-pressure internal circulation integrated reactor (AMICIR). Through controlling the amount of aeration and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the reactor, AMICIR creates alternating aerobic and anaerobic environments, explores the enrichment conditions of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, examines the changes in pollutant removal efficiency and the characteristics of bacterial colony structure during the process of enrichment of aerobic denitrifying bacteria in the system, and reveals the mechanism of nitrogen removal by aerobic denitrifying bacteria cooperating with anaerobic denitrifying bacteria in the low-temperature municipal wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed average removal rates of NH₄⁺-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) reaching 93.85%, 89.30%, 92.75%, and 75.4%, respectively. The microorganisms secreted large amounts of proteins and polysaccharides, forming zoogloea and anaerobic microenvironments conducive to traditional denitrification reactions. IlluminaMiSeq sequencing analysis revealed the presence of anaerobic phyla. The system was enriched with a large number of microorganisms, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Flavobacterium, Rhodoferax, and Pseudomonas) were successfully cultured. Flavobacterium emerged as the dominant species, with relative abundance ranging from 18.56% to 22.60%. Functional gene prediction indicated high abundance of aerobic denitrification genes, such as napA. Aerobic denitrifying bacteria were successfully enriched in the system to improve nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater at low temperatures.

针对低温城市污水处理中效率低、微生物活性低的问题，本研究采用了气升式微压内循环集成反应器（AMICIR）。 AMICIR通过控制反应器内的通气量和溶解氧（DO）量，创造好氧和厌氧交替的环境，探索好氧反硝化细菌的富集条件，考察过程中污染物去除效率的变化和菌落结构的特征研究了系统中好氧反硝化菌的富集情况，揭示了低温市政污水处理系统中好氧反硝化菌与厌氧反硝化菌协同脱氮的机理。实验结果表明，NH ₄ ⁺ -N、化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)的平均去除率分别达到93.85%、89.30%、92.75%和75.4%。微生物分泌大量蛋白质和多糖，形成有利于传统反硝化反应的菌胶团和厌氧微环境。 IlluminaMiSeq 测序分析揭示了厌氧门的存在。系统富集了大量微生物，成功培养了好氧反硝化菌（黄杆菌、红铁菌、假单胞菌）。黄杆菌成为优势种，相对丰度范围为 18.56% 至 22.60%。功能基因预测表明有高丰度的好氧反硝化基因，例如napA。系统中成功富集好氧反硝化细菌，提高城市污水低温脱氮效果。