Liquid and gel electrolytes based on common commercial and recently commercialized salts for application in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are presented herein. Various solvent mixtures and electrolytes based on them are presented. Selected organic carbonates’ mixtures are chosen as the base for these electrolytes. LiTDI (lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)-imidazolide) and LiPF₆ (lithium hexafluorophosphate) are chosen to compare the behavior and the electrochemical properties of the investigated systems. The limited optimizations of electrolytes are presented for LiTDI salt. Results for LiPF₆ electrolytes are presented as a benchmark. The detailed comparison of lithium transference numbers is presented. All liquid electrolytes present quite high values of conductivity at room temperature and in some cases reach above 6 mS cm⁻¹ for LiTDI solutions. The base for gel electrolytes is PVdF-HFP co-polymer (poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)). The conductivity of gel electrolytes exceeds 1 mS cm⁻¹ in case of the LiTDI system. All presented electrolytes show relatively high stability vs. Li/Li⁺, up to 4.7 V in both liquid and gel systems.

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中文翻译：

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基于 LiTDI 或 LiPF6 的锂离子电池液体和凝胶电解质比较的电化学研究

本文介绍了用于锂离子（Li-ion）电池的基于常见商业盐和最近商业化的盐的液体和凝胶电解质。提出了各种溶剂混合物和基于它们的电解质。选择选定的有机碳酸酯混合物作为这些电解质的基础。选择LiTDI（4,5-二氰基-2-（三氟甲基）-咪唑锂）和LiPF ₆（六氟磷酸锂）来比较所研究系统的行为和电化学性能。针对 LiTDI 盐提出了电解质的有限优化。 LiPF ₆电解质的结果作为基准。给出了锂迁移数的详细比较。所有液体电解质在室温下都呈现出相当高的电导率值，在某些情况下，LiTDI 溶液的电导率达到 6 mS cm ^-1以上。凝胶电解质的基础是PVdF-HFP 共聚物（聚（偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯）共聚物）。在LiTDI系统的情况下，凝胶电解质的电导率超过1mS cm ^{-1 。与 Li/Li +}相比，所有提出的电解质都表现出相对较高的稳定性，在液体和凝胶体系中高达 4.7 V。

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