Predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) is associated with noninfectious inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Population estimates of celiac disease (CeD) risk in those with PAD are limited. To estimate population risk of PAD in individuals with CeD. We conducted a nationwide case-control study in Swedish individuals who received a diagnosis of CeD between 1997 and 2017 (n = 34,980), matched to population comparators by age, sex, calendar year, and county. The CeD was confirmed through the Epidemiology Strengthened by histopathology Reports in Sweden study, which provided information on biopsy specimens from each of Sweden's pathology departments. PAD was identified using coding and categorized according to the International Union of Immunologic Societies. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs. PAD was more prevalent in CeD than in population controls (n = 105 [0.3%] vs n = 57 [0.033%], respectively). This translated to an aOR of 8.23 (95% CI 5.95-11.48). The association was strongest with common variable immunodeficiency (aOR 17.25; 95% CI 6.86-52.40), and slightly lower in other PAD (aOR 8.39; 95% CI 5.79-12.32). The risk of CeD remained increased at least 5 years after diagnosis of PAD (aOR 4.79; 95% CI 2.89-7.97, -heterogeneity < 0.001). PAD was associated with an increased risk of CeD. A particularly strong association was seen in those with CVID, although this should be interpreted cautiously given the limited understanding of the mechanisms of histopathologic changes in these patients.

中文翻译：

---

在瑞典，主要是抗体缺乏及其与乳糜泻的关联

主要抗体缺乏症（PAD）与非感染性炎症性胃肠道疾病有关。对 PAD 患者乳糜泻 (CeD) 风险的人群估计是有限的。评估 CeD 患者患 PAD 的人群风险。我们对 1997 年至 2017 年间被诊断为 CeD 的瑞典人（n = 34,980）进行了一项全国范围的病例对照研究，并按年龄、性别、历年和县与人口比较者进行匹配。CeD 通过瑞典研究中的组织病理学报告加强流行病学得到证实，该研究提供了瑞典每个病理科的活检标本信息。PAD 使用编码进行识别，并根据国际免疫学会联盟进行分类。使用逻辑回归来计算调整后的比值比 (aOR) 和 95% CI。PAD 在 CeD 中比在人群对照中更为普遍（分别为 n = 105 [0.3%] 和 n = 57 [0.033%]）。这转化为 aOR 为 8.23 (95% CI 5.95-11.48)。这种关联与普通变异性免疫缺陷最为密切（aOR 17.25；95% CI 6.86-52.40），与其他 PAD 的关联稍低（aOR 8.39；95% CI 5.79-12.32）。诊断 PAD 后至少 5 年，CeD 风险仍然增加（aOR 4.79；95% CI 2.89-7.97，异质性 < 0.001）。PAD 与 CeD 风险增加相关。在患有 CVID 的患者中发现了特别强的关联，但鉴于对这些患者组织病理学变化机制的了解有限，应谨慎解释这一点。