The study investigated carbon nanotubes/iron tungstate (CNTs/ Fe(WO)) composites for removing Rhodamine B dye using a Box-Behnken design. Fe(WO) nanoparticles and CNTs/Fe(WO) composites were made via different methods—precipitation and wet-impregnation, respectively. The synthesized materials were analysed using different analytical tools. The HRSEM of Fe(WO) nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape with uniform sizes but showed agglomeration, potentially due to electrostatic attraction. The HRSEM of the composites displayed a mix of spherical morphology and tubular structures, signifying the presence of both materials within the matrices. Variations in CNTs concentration altered the interwoven structure within the Fe(WO) matrix, impacting interfacial interactions and composite properties. HRTEM images showcased the integration of Fe(WO) nanoparticles onto CNTs surfaces, with lattice fringes indicating minimal distortion upon incorporation. The EDX spectra of the nanocomposites confirmed the elemental composition of Fe, C and W, and XRD patterns revealed the modifications in crystalline structures with the introduction of CNTs, affecting peak intensities and broadening. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption revealed mesoporous characteristics and increased surface areas in composites, enhancing adsorption capabilities (Fe(WO) = 2.80 m/g, CNTs/Fe(WO) ratios = 19.47–33.93 m/g). The isotherm and kinetic studies obeyed Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Rhodamine B dye removal percentages increased with higher CNTs ratios, supported by statistical analysis affirming a response surface methodology model with pH, dosage, concentration and stirring time (optimal at pH = 3, stirring time = 50 min, concentration = 50 ppm, dosage = 0.5 g). Thus, the study demonstrated the nuanced influence of varying ratios of CNTs in Fe(WO) composites on structural, surface, and adsorption properties, offering insights into potential applications in catalysis and environmental remediation.

中文翻译：

---

使用碳、纳米管-钨酸铁纳米复合材料从水溶液中吸附去除罗丹明 b 染料：一项 box-behnken 设计研究

该研究采用 Box-Behnken 设计研究了碳纳米管/钨酸铁 (CNT/ Fe(WO)) 复合材料去除罗丹明 B 染料的效果。Fe(WO)纳米粒子和CNT/Fe(WO)复合材料分别通过不同的方法——沉淀法和湿法浸渍法制备。使用不同的分析工具对合成材料进行分析。Fe(WO) 纳米颗粒的 HRSEM 呈现出尺寸均匀的球形，但可能由于静电吸引而出现团聚。复合材料的 HRSEM 显示出球形形态和管状结构的混合，表明基体中同时存在两种材料。碳纳米管浓度的变化改变了 Fe(WO) 基体中的交织结构，影响界面相互作用和复合材料性能。HRTEM 图像展示了 Fe(WO) 纳米颗粒在 CNT 表面上的整合，晶格条纹表明掺入后的变形最小。纳米复合材料的 EDX 光谱证实了 Fe、C 和 W 的元素组成，而 XRD 图案揭示了随着 CNT 的引入，晶体结构发生了变化，影响了峰强度和展宽。氮气吸附-解吸揭示了复合材料的介孔特性和增加的表面积，增强了吸附能力（Fe(WO) = 2.80 m/g，CNT/Fe(WO) 比率 = 19.47–33.93 m/g）。等温线和动力学研究分别遵循弗罗因德利希等温线和伪二级动力学模型。罗丹明 B 染料去除百分比随着 CNT 比率的增加而增加，统计分析证实了 pH、剂量、浓度和搅拌时间的响应面方法模型（最佳 pH = 3，搅拌时间 = 50 分钟，浓度 = 50 ppm，剂量 = 0.5 克）。因此，该研究证明了 Fe(WO) 复合材料中不同比例的 CNT 对结构、表面和吸附性能的细微影响，为催化和环境修复的潜在应用提供了见解。